Pediatric Orthopedic Trauma Case Atlas

Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Editors
Contributors
Part I: Upper Extremity: Shoulder and Elbow
	Medial Clavicular Physeal Separation
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		References and Suggested Reading
	Lateral Clavicular Physeal Separation
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		References and Suggested Readings
	Pediatric Bony Bankart Fracture
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls for Arthroscopic Approach
		8 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		References and Suggested Readings
	Adolescent Clavicle Fractures
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		References and Suggested Readings
	Displaced Proximal Humerus Fracture in 15-Year-Old
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
			5.1 On Physical Exam
			5.2 Operative Treatment
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Reading
	Displaced Proximal Humerus Fracture in 8-Year-Old
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Readings
	Pathological Fracture of the Proximal Humerus
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Reading
	Midshaft Humerus Fracture
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Clinical Radiographs
			2.1 Problem List
		3 Treatment Strategy
		4 Basic Principles
		5 Images During Treatment
		6 Technical Pearls
		7 Outcome Clinical Radiographs
		8 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		9 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Reading
	Humeral Shaft Fracture: Flexible Intramedullary Fixation
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Readings
	Humeral Shaft Fracture: Open Reduction Internal Fixation
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Reading
	Using External Fixation in the Treatment of Ballistic Injury to the Humeral Diaphysis in a Teenager
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
			5.1 Patient Positioning
			5.2 Fixator Type
			5.3 Pins Placement
			5.4 Ring Placement
			5.5 Building a Stable Frame
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Readings
	Type III Supracondylar Humerus Fracture
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Readings
	Supracondylar Humerus Fracture Extension Type: Lateral Entry Pinning
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Technical Pearls
		7 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		8 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		9 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Reading
	Supracondylar Humerus Fracture Extension Type: Cross Pinning
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Technical Pearls
		7 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		8 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		9 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Readings
	Supracondylar Humerus Fracture Flexion Type
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Technical Pearls
		7 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		8 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		9 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Readings
	Open Treatment of Supracondylar Humerus Fractures
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Readings
	T-Condylar Distal Humerus Fractures
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Reading
	Transphyseal Distal Humerus Fracture
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
			3.1 Preop Concerns
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Technical Pearls
		7 Images During Treatment
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		References and Suggested Readings
	Oblique Supracondylar Humerus Fracture
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References
	Minimally Displaced Lateral Condyle Fractures of the Elbow: Treatment with Arthrography and Percutaneous Cannulated Screw Fixa...
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Readings
	Displaced Elbow Lateral Condyle Fracture: Treatment with a Cannulated Screw
		1 Brief Clinical History
			1.1 Preoperative Radiographs, Following Closed Manipulation
			1.2 Preoperative Problem List
		2 Treatment Strategy
		3 Basic Principles
		4 Images During Treatment
		5 Technical Pearls
		6 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		7 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		8 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Reading
	Capitellar Fractures
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Readings
	Medial Epicondyle Fractures
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Readings
	Medial Condyle Fracture
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Reading
	An Elbow Dislocation With and Without Additional Fractures
		1 Brief Clinical History Case 1: No Additional Fractures
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Basic Principles
		5 Images During Treatment
		6 Technical Pearls
		7 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		8 Brief Clinical History Case 2: Associated Medial Epicondyle Fracture
		9 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		10 Preoperative Problem List
		11 Basic Principles
		12 Images During Treatment
		13 Technical Pearls
		14 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		15 Brief Clinical History Case 3: Associated Lateral Condyle Fracture
		16 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		17 Preoperative Problem List
		18 Basic Principles
		19 Images Post Operatively
		20 Technical Pearls
		21 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		22 Treatment Strategy
		23 Basic Principles
		24 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		25 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Readings
TRASH (The Radiographic Appearance Seemed Harmless) Lesions About the Elbow
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	9 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Olecranon Fracture: Tension Band Technique
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Olecranon Fracture: Plating Technique
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Olecranon Fracture: Intramedullary Screw
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Olecranon Fractures: Apophysis Osteogenesis Imperfecta
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Type I Monteggia Fractures
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Type III Monteggia Fractures
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	References and Suggested Readings
Radial Neck Fractures: Introduction and Classification
	1 Injury Mechanism
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Classification for Treatment of Radial Neck Fractures and Problem Lists
		3.1 Indication for Only Immobilization and No Active Operative Intervention According the Classification and Problem List
		3.2 Indication for Closed Reduction and Internal Operative Stabilization (CRIF) and Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Radial Neck Fractures: Conservative Treatment
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	References and Suggested Reading
Radial Neck Fracture: Conservative Treatment, Pitfalls, and Problems
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
		5.1 Images During Treatment
	6 Technical Pearls
		6.1 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		6.2 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	References and Suggested Readings
Radial Neck Fractures: Operative Treatment (ESIN)
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Radial Neck Fracture: Operative Treatment (ESIN) ``Joy-Stick´´ Technique
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles in the Treatment
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Radial Neck Fractures: Operative Treatment ``Mini-Open´´ and ESIN
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles in the Treatment
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Radial Neck Fracture: Open Reduction
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Radial Neck Fractures: Operative Treatment, Special Conditions
	1 Case 1: Displaced Radial Neck Fracture/Un-displaced Olecranon Fracture
		1.1 Brief Clinical History
		1.2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		1.3 Preoperative Problem List
		1.4 Treatment Strategy
	2 Basic Principles in the Treatment
		2.1 Images During Treatment
		2.2 Technical Pearls
			2.2.1 Outcome Radiographs
		2.3 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	3 Case 2: Un-displaced Radial Neck Fracture/Displaced Olecranon Fracture
		3.1 Brief Clinical History
		3.2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3.3 Preoperative Problem List
		3.4 Treatment Strategy
		3.5 Basic Principles
	4 Stabilization of the Radial Neck by Retrograde Elastic Nailing Technique
		4.1 Images During Treatment
			4.1.1 Technical Pearls
			4.1.2 Outcome Radiographs
		4.2 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	5 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Proximal Third Both Bone Forearm Fractures
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	References and Suggested Reading
Part II: Upper Extremity: Forearm, Wrist, and Hand
Midshaft Both Bone Forearm Fracture: Plate Fixation
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Midshaft Both Bone Forearm Fracture: Intramedullary Rod Fixation
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Midshaft Both Bone Forearm Fracture: Single Bone Fixation
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Distal Third Radius Fractures with an Intact Ulna
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Management of Late Displacement (>5 days) of a Previously Reduced Salter II Distal Radius Fracture
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross References
	References and Suggested Reading
Galeazzi Fracture: Distal Radius Fracture with Dislocated Distal Radioulnar Joint
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Volar Shear Fractures of the Distal Radius
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Physeal Fracture of the Distal Radius
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Scaphoid Fracture: Dorsal Approach
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Scaphoid Nonunion: Volar Approach
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Thumb Metacarpal Base Fracture
	1 Brief Clinical History
		1.1 Case 1
		1.2 Case 2
	2 Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
		4.1 Case 1
		4.2 Case 2
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	References and Suggested Readings
Open Treatment of Metacarpal Shaft Fractures
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	References and Suggested Reading
Pediatric Metacarpal Neck Fractures
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	References and Suggested Reading
Metacarpophalangeal and Interphalangeal Joint Dislocation
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Extra-Octave Fractures
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Phalangeal Shaft Fractures
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Phalangeal Neck Fractures
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Intra-articular Phalangeal Fractures
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Seymour Fracture (Open Physeal Fracture of the Distal Phalanx)
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Bony Mallet Fractures
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls: Operative Treatment
		7.1 Technical Pearls: Nonoperative Treatment
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	References and Suggested Reading
Distal Fingertip Amputations: Local Wound Care
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Clinical Outcome Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Nailbed Injuries
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preprocedure Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Compartment Syndrome of the Hand
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Long Arm Cast
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	Reference and Suggested Readings
Munster Cast
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Short Arm Cast
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	Reference and Suggested Reading
Part III: Spine
Pediatric Halo Application
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Atlas Fractures
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
		5.1 C1-C2 Transarticular Screw Fixation Technique
		5.2 C1 Lateral Mass-C2 Pars Screws
		5.3 C2 Laminar Screws
		5.4 C1-2 Bony Fusion
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Pediatric Atlantoaxial Rotary Subluxation
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	9 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Odontoid Fractures
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Technical Pearls
	6 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		6.1 Non-operative Treatment (Minerva Cast or Halo Vest Immobilization)
		6.2 Operative Treatment (C1-C2 Arthrodesis)
	References and Suggested Readings
Pediatric Traumatic Spondylolisthesis of the Axis
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	References and Suggested Readings
Unilateral Cervical Facet Fracture-Dislocation
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Thoracic and Lumbar Compression Fractures
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Sacral Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	References and Suggested Reading
Management of Pediatric and Adolescent Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Thoracolumbar Flexion-Distraction Injuries: Chance Fracture-Dislocations
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Pretreatment Image
	3 Pretreatment Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	9 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Spinal Cord Injury Without Radiographic Abnormalities (SCIWORA)
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References
Part IV: Pelvis and Hip
Ischial Tuberosity Avulsion Fracture
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Pubic Symphysis Disruption
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Pubic Rami Fracture with Disruption of the Sacroiliac Joint (Malgaigne Fracture)
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Acetabulum Fracture with Closed Triradiate
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Hip Dislocation
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Hip Dislocation with Acetabular Fracture
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Hip Dislocation with Proximal Femoral Physeal Fracture
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images during Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Femoral Head Fractures
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Transphyseal Fracture of Proximal Femur
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	References and Suggested Reading
Femoral Neck Fractures in Children
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References
		Suggested Reading
Pediatric Intertrochanteric Proximal Femur Fracture
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Pathologic Proximal Femur Fracture
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Proximal Femoral Stress Fractures
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
		5.1 Positioning
		5.2 Surgical Technique
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Greater Trochanter Fracture
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Hip Dislocation with Midshaft Femur Fracture
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Part V: Lower Extremity: Thigh, Knee, and Leg
	Femoral Shaft Fracture: Pavlik Harness
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Reading
	Femoral Shaft Fracture: Spica Cast
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Readings
	Femoral Shaft Fracture: Plating
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Readings
Femoral Shaft Fracture: Flexible Intramedullary Nails
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Femur Fracture: Alternatives to Spica Casting for Fractures in Patients Under Age 6
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Comminuted Femoral Fracture Treated with Locked Enders Nails
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Pathologic Femoral Shaft Fracture
	1 Benign
		1.1 Brief Clinical History
		1.2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		1.3 Preoperative Problem List
	2 Treatment Strategy
		2.1 Basic Principles
		2.2 Images During Treatment
		2.3 Technical Pearls
		2.4 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		2.5 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	3 Malignant
		3.1 Brief Clinical History
		3.2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3.3 Preoperative Problem List
		3.4 Treatment Strategy
		3.5 Basic Principles
		3.6 Images During Treatment
		3.7 Technical Pearls
		3.8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3.9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	References and Suggested Reading
Open Femur Fracture with Soft Tissue Loss
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Supracondylar Femur Fracture: Treatment with a Submuscular Plate
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Treatment of a Pediatric Open Supracondylar Femur Fracture with External Fixation
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		9.1 Decision-Making
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Salter-Harris I Fracture of the Distal Femur
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Salter-Harris II Distal Femur Fracture
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Salter-Harris III Distal Femur Fracture
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Salter-Harris IV Distal Femur Fracture
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Floating Knee: Combined Femoral and Tibial Fractures
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Patella Fracture
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Patellar Sleeve Fracture
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Tibial Spine Fractures: Open Treatment
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	References and Suggested Reading
Arthroscopic Treatment of Tibial Spine Fractures
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Tibial Tuberosity Fracture: Youth Type
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Technical Pearls
	7 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	8 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	9 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Physeal Type Tibial Tuberosity Fracture in an Adolescent
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Tibial Tuberosity Fractures: Intra-articular Type
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Technical Pearls
	7 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	8 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	9 Cross-References
	References
Tibial Tubercle Fracture: Teen Type
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Technical Pearls
	7 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	8 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	9 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Proximal Tibial Metaphyseal Fracture
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Tibial Shaft Fracture: Flexible Nails
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Imaging
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Technical Pearls
	7 Outcome Radiographs
	8 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	9 Cross-References
	Suggested Reading
Tibial Shaft Fracture: Plating
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Submuscular Plating of Tibial Fractures
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Tibial Shaft Fracture Treated with a Rigid Nail
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Tibial Shaft Fracture Treated with a Circular External Fixator
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Tibial Shaft Fracture with Soft Tissue Loss
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Tibial Shaft Fracture with Bone Loss
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
		5.1 Images During Treatment
		5.2 Images, Clinical Photos, or Radiographs (Fig. 3)
	6 Technical Pearls
	7 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	8 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	9 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Tibial Shaft Stress Fracture
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Compartment Syndrome of the Leg
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Tibial Shaft Fracture: Cast Treatment
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Reading
Osteochondral Fracture
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	10 Cross-References
	References and Suggested Readings
Part VI: Lower Extremity: Foot and Ankle
	Distal Tibial Metaphyseal Fracture: Plating
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Technical Pearls
		7 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		8 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		9 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Reading
	Distal Tibial Shaft Fracture with Metaphyseal Extension: External Fixation
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Technical Pearls
		7 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		8 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		9 Cross-Reference
		Suggested Reading
	Salter-Harris II Distal Tibia and Fibula Fractures
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Reading
	Salter-Harris III Distal Tibia Fracture
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Readings
	Isolated Lateral Malleolus Fracture
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Reading
	Triplane Distal Tibia Fractures
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		References and Suggested Reading
	Management of Tillaux Fractures
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
			3.1 Treatment Strategy
			3.2 Basic Principles
			3.3 Images During Treatment
		4 Technical Pearls
		5 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		6 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		7 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Reading
	Isolated Medial Malleolus Fracture
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Readings
	Talar Fracture
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Readings
	Calcaneus Fracture in Children
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Imaging
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Technical Pearls
		7 Clinical Outcomes/Imaging
		8 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		References
	Pediatric Lisfranc
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Epidemiology
		3 Anatomy
		4 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		5 Preoperative Problem List
		6 Treatment Strategy
		7 Diagnosis
		8 Classification
		9 Basic Principles
			9.1 Management
		10 Images During Treatment
		11 Technical Pearls
		12 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		13 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		14 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Readings
	Base of Fifth Metatarsal Fracture
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Readings
	Pediatric Metatarsal Fractures
		1 Brief Clinical History
		2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		3 Preoperative Problem List
		4 Treatment Strategy
		5 Basic Principles
		6 Images During Treatment
		7 Technical Pearls
		8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
		9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
		10 Cross-References
		References and Suggested Reading
Intra-articular Phalanx Fracture of Great Toe
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	References and Suggested Readings
Foot Compartment Syndrome
	1 Brief Clinical History
	2 Preoperative Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	3 Preoperative Problem List (Outline Format)
	4 Treatment Strategy
	5 Basic Principles
	6 Images During Treatment
	7 Technical Pearls
	8 Outcome Clinical Photos and Radiographs
	9 Avoiding and Managing Problems
	References
Index