Pediatric Nuclear MedicinePET

Cover......Page 1
Foreword......Page 6
Preface......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 10
Contents......Page 12
Contributors......Page 14
1. Introduction......Page 17
The Consultation......Page 18
Interaction with Patients and Families......Page 19
Radiopharmaceuticals......Page 21
Instrumentation and Equipment......Page 25
Physical Facility......Page 29
2. Central Nervous System......Page 32
Clinical Applications......Page 34
Radiopharmaceuticals......Page 51
Imaging Methods......Page 54
Normal Cerebrospinal Fluid Physiology......Page 55
Abnormal Cerebrospinal Fluid Physiology......Page 56
Clinical Applications......Page 58
3. Thyroid......Page 73
Clinical Applications......Page 77
Quantitative Thyroid Counting......Page 90
Radiation Precautions During Thyroid Treatment......Page 102
5. Lungs......Page 103
Regional Pulmonary Blood Flow......Page 112
Clinical Applications......Page 115
Myocardial Imaging......Page 144
Clinical Applications......Page 145
Radiopharmaceuticals for Myocardial Perfusion Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography......Page 154
Positron Emission Tomography Perfusion Tracers......Page 155
Technique for Myocardial Perfusion Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography......Page 156
Assessment of Ventricular Function......Page 157
Valvar Regurgitation......Page 159
Appendix: Ultrashort-Lived Radionuclides......Page 171
Gastroesophageal Reflux......Page 178
Gastric Emptying......Page 185
Esophageal Transit......Page 191
Pulmonary Aspiration......Page 196
Meckel’s Diverticulum......Page 208
Technetium-99m Pertechnetate Abdominal Scintigraphy......Page 209
Clinical Applications......Page 214
RBC Scintigraphy......Page 216
Sulfur Colloid Scintigraphy......Page 221
9. Liver and Spleen......Page 225
Clinical Applications......Page 229
10. Kidneys......Page 255
Methods......Page 256
Clinical Applications......Page 266
Appendix: Quantitative Analysis of Renal Function......Page 290
Spontaneous Cessation of Reflux......Page 302
Grading the Severity of Vesicoureteric Reflux......Page 303
Treatment......Page 307
Direct Radionuclide Cystography......Page 308
Indirect Radionuclide Cystography......Page 317
Appendix: Computerized Radionuclide Cystography......Page 318
12. Calculation of Glomerular Filtration Rate......Page 323
General Considerations......Page 328
Clinical Applications......Page 338
14. Pediatric Oncology......Page 420
Lymphoma......Page 421
Neuroblastoma......Page 425
Wilms’ Tumor......Page 427
Soft Tissue Tumors......Page 428
Tracers......Page 435
Indications......Page 444
Conclusion......Page 457
Optical Versus Electronic Magnification......Page 462
Magnification and Resolution......Page 463
Sensitivity Versus Object Distance......Page 465
Pinhole Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography......Page 470
Conclusion......Page 471
17. Single Positron Emission Computed Tomography......Page 473
Basic Concepts......Page 475
Software Considerations......Page 485
Calibration and Quality Control......Page 488
Acceptance Testing and Routine Quality Control......Page 491
Practical Aspects of Rotating SPECT Acquisition......Page 495
Conclusion......Page 498
18. Positron Emission Tomography......Page 500
Positron Emission Tomography Radiopharmaceutical Production......Page 501
Positron Emission......Page 502
Imaging Annihilation Radiation......Page 503
Coincidence Detection......Page 504
Detectors for Annihilation Radiation......Page 505
Lines of Response and Projections......Page 506
Two- and Three-Dimensional Modes......Page 507
Attenuation Correction......Page 508
Randoms, Scatter, and Dead Time......Page 511
Normalization and Daily Quality Control......Page 512
Image Registration......Page 513
Radiation Safety......Page 516
Conclusion......Page 518
19. Radiation Risk......Page 521
Low-Dose and Low-Dose-Rate Exposure......Page 524
Explaining the Risks to Others......Page 525
Conclusion......Page 527
20. Internal Dosimetry......Page 529
Calculation Framework......Page 530
Sources of Data for the Equation......Page 531
Index......Page 537