Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2012

Front Matter....Pages i-xxiv
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Automatic Detection and Tracking of Pedestrians in Videos with Various Crowd Densities....Pages 3-19
London Bridge: The Role Pedestrian Modelling Played in Designing the New Station....Pages 21-37
Mass Psychology Revisited: Insights from Social Psychology, Neuroscience and Simulation....Pages 39-53
Shaping the Space: Turning Function into Inspiration....Pages 55-74
Simple Heuristics and the Modelling of Crowd Behaviours....Pages 75-90
The Characteristics and Needs of Pedestrians with Mobility Impairments....Pages 91-105
Front Matter....Pages 107-107
An Evacuation Validation Data Set for Large Passenger Ships....Pages 109-123
An Information Processing Based Model of Pre-evacuation Behavior for Agent Based Egress Simulation....Pages 125-133
An Innovative Evacuation System for Multiplex Cinemas....Pages 135-141
An Innovative Scenario for Pedestrian Data Collection: The Observation of an Admission Test at the University of Milano-Bicocca....Pages 143-150
Trajectory Analysis of Pedestrian Crowd Movements at a Dutch Music Festival....Pages 151-166
An Experimental Study on the Correlation Between “Attachment to Belongings” “Pre-movement” Time....Pages 167-178
Bottlenecks in Evacuation Design Considering Both Structural and Human Behavioural Aspects: An Experimental Study....Pages 179-187
Comparison of Evacuation Simulation Models....Pages 189-196
Crowd Guidance in Building Emergencies: Using Virtual Reality Experiments to Confirm Macroscopic Mathematical Modeling of Psychological Variables....Pages 197-212
Development of Smoke Control System Ensuring Safe Evacuation Through Stairwell for High-Rise Building in Korea....Pages 213-221
Early-Stage Egress Simulation for Process-Driven Buildings....Pages 223-229
Effect of Guidance Information and Human Relations Among Agents on Crowd Evacuation Behavior....Pages 231-243
Empirical Fundamental Diagrams for Bidirectional Pedestrian Streams in a Corridor....Pages 245-250
Empirical Study and Modelling of Pedestrians’ Route Choice in a Complex Facility....Pages 251-265
Front Matter....Pages 107-107
Evacuation Analyses for Venues....Pages 267-274
Influence of Spreading Hazardous Material in Macroscopic Evacuation Dynamics: A Proof of Concept....Pages 275-282
Evacuation Exercises in a TV Studio....Pages 283-288
Experimental Study and Modelling of Pedestrian Space Occupation and Motion Pattern in a Real World Environment....Pages 289-304
Experimental Study of the Following Dynamics of Pedestrians....Pages 305-315
FDS+Evac Model Validation for Seated Row Arrangements: Aircraft and Cinema Theatre....Pages 317-327
Fundamental Diagram of Stairs: Critical Review and Topographical Measurements....Pages 329-344
Hermes: An Evacuation Assistant for Large Arenas....Pages 345-349
Influence of Emissions on Pedestrian Evacuation....Pages 351-359
Large-Scale Multi-modal Evacuation Analysis with an Application to Hamburg....Pages 361-369
Measuring Individual’s Egress Preference in Wayfinding Through Virtual Navigation Experiments....Pages 371-383
Modelling Evacuation Using Escalators: A London Underground Dataset....Pages 385-399
Observations from Student Exercises to Collect Human Behavior and Movement Data....Pages 401-409
On Measuring Pedestrian Density and Flow Fields in Dense as well as Sparse Crowds....Pages 411-424
On the Simulation for Rail Tunnel Evacuation with Cross-Passageways....Pages 425-433
Pedestrian-Vehicles Interaction During Evacuation: Agent-Based Hybrid Evacuation Modelling of Southeast Asian Cities....Pages 435-443
PedGo Guardian: Evacuation Decision Support System for Events....Pages 445-454
RiMEA: A Way to Define a Standard for Evacuation Calculations....Pages 455-467
Simulation Model of Evacuation Behavior Following a Large-Scale Earthquake that Takes into Account Various Attributes of Residents and Transient Occupants....Pages 469-484
Simulation of City Evacuation Coupled to Flood Dynamics....Pages 485-499
Front Matter....Pages 107-107
Large Scale Outdoor Events....Pages 501-508
The Study on the Effects of the Counter-Flow on the Evacuation of People from Tall Buildings....Pages 509-520
Study of Human Behavior Before Evacuation....Pages 521-532
Tracking People in Crowded Scenes....Pages 533-542
Validation and Calibration of the EXIT89 Evacuation Model for Road Tunnel Evacuation Applications....Pages 543-550
Waiting Zones for Real Life Scenarios: A Case Study Using a German Railway Station as an Example....Pages 551-557
Front Matter....Pages 559-559
A Data-Driven Model of Pedestrian Following and Emergent Crowd Behavior....Pages 561-574
A Macroscopic Model for Bidirectional Pedestrian Flow....Pages 575-583
A Macroscopic Multiple Species Pedestrian Flow Model Based on Heuristics Implemented with Finite Volumes....Pages 585-601
Quantitative Validation of the Generalized Centrifugal Force Model....Pages 603-613
An Econometric-based Model of Pedestrian Walking Behavior Implicitly Considering Strategic or Tactical Decisions....Pages 615-624
An Empirically-Grounded Emergent Approach to Modeling Pedestrian Behavior....Pages 625-638
Calibrating a General Pedestrian Stream Simulation Model According to a Specific Real Life Scenario of a German Railway Station....Pages 639-646
Cognition-oriented Simulation of Pedestrian Dynamics....Pages 647-655
Comparison of Different Calibration Techniques on Simulated Data....Pages 657-672
Evacuation Agent Simulation in an Underground Shopping Street Adding a Floor Field Approach and Its Three Dimensional Expression....Pages 673-681
Frozen Shuffle Update in Simple Geometries: A First Step to Simulate Pedestrians....Pages 683-689
Fundamental Diagram as a Model Input: Direct Movement Equation of Pedestrian Dynamics....Pages 691-702
Improving Flexibility of Agent’s Path Selection in Cellular Pedestrian Flow Model....Pages 703-711
Including Route Choice Models into Pedestrian Movement Simulation Models....Pages 713-727
Front Matter....Pages 559-559
Integrating Lateral Swaying of Pedestrians into Simulations....Pages 729-737
Integration of a Multi-modal Simulation Module into a Framework for Large-Scale Transport Systems Simulation....Pages 739-754
Merging Processes of Pedestrian Queues....Pages 755-760
Methodology for Pedestrian Analysis in Public Spaces Based on Probabilistic Approach....Pages 761-773
Methods for Modeling and Simulation of Multi-destination Pedestrian Crowds....Pages 775-788
Modeling Pedestrian Route Choice During Large Public Gatherings....Pages 789-806
Pedestrian Group Behavior in a Cellular Automaton....Pages 807-814
Modeling Time Duration of Planned and Unplanned Store Visits in a Multi-Agent Simulation of Pedestrian Activity in City Centers....Pages 815-823
Motions Effect for Crowd Modeling Aboard Ships....Pages 825-833
On Modeling Groups in Crowds: Empirical Evidence and Simulation Results Including Large Groups....Pages 835-845
Pedestrian Agent Based Model Suited to Heterogeneous Interactions Overseen by Perception....Pages 847-859
Pedestrian Gap Acceptance in Micro-Simulation Modelling....Pages 861-874
Pedestrian Simulation Using Geometric Reasoning in Velocity Space....Pages 875-890
Quantitative and Qualitative Validation Procedure for General Use of Pedestrian Models....Pages 891-905
Shared Space Modeling Based on Social Forces and Distance Potential Field....Pages 907-916
Simulation Model for Vehicle and Pedestrian Interaction Considering Road Crossing Activities....Pages 917-924
Simulation Models of Merging Priorities in Staircases....Pages 925-933
Simulation of Handicapped People Finding Their Way Through Transport Infrastructures....Pages 935-948
Simulation of Pedestrian Dynamics with Density Control on a Regular Grid....Pages 949-957
Evacuation of Day Care Centres for Children 0–6 Years: Simulations Using Simulex....Pages 959-969
Front Matter....Pages 559-559
Stochastic Transition Model for Pedestrian Dynamics....Pages 971-985
Toward Simulation-Based Egress Optimization in Smart Buildings Using Symbiotic Simulation....Pages 987-999
The Development and Calibration of an Agent-Based Microsimulation Model for Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction....Pages 1001-1011
The Effect of Integrating Travel Time....Pages 1013-1027
Using a Multi-Scale Model for Simulating Pedestrian Behavior....Pages 1029-1038
Using the Social Force Model to Represent the Behavior of Pedestrians at Chaotic Intersections of Developing Countries: The Case of Peru....Pages 1039-1049
Validation of Crowd Models Including Social Groups....Pages 1051-1063
Velocity-Based Models for Crowd Simulation....Pages 1065-1078
Front Matter....Pages 1079-1079
Fuzzy Prediction of Pedestrian Steering Behavior with Local Environmental Effects....Pages 1081-1096
Group Dynamic Behavior and Psychometric Profiles as Substantial Driver for Pedestrian Dynamics....Pages 1097-1111
Investigating Human Factors in Fire Evacuation: A Serious-Gaming Approach....Pages 1113-1121
Occupants Emergency Behaviour in Turkey....Pages 1123-1133
Psychological Aspects of German Signal Words in Evacuation Warnings....Pages 1135-1147
Psychological Aspects of Human Dynamics in Underground Evacuation: Field Experiments....Pages 1149-1162
The Effects of the Design Factors of the Train-Platform Interface on Pedestrian Flow Rates....Pages 1163-1173
Understanding Crowd Panic at Turning and Intersection Through Model Organisms....Pages 1175-1183
Front Matter....Pages 1185-1185
A Study for Estimation of Ventilation Capacity of Large Enclosure Considering Real Fire Load....Pages 1187-1195
Multi-agent Transport Simulation for Regional Evacuation Processes....Pages 1197-1206
Agent-Based Simulations of Pedestrian Movement for Site Security: U. S. Secret Service’s Current Capabilities and Next Steps....Pages 1207-1212
Ant Colony Based Evacuation Route Optimization Model for Mixed Pedestrian-Vehicle Flows....Pages 1213-1224
Front Matter....Pages 1185-1185
Collecte of Data Stemming from the Fine Trajectory of the Pedestrians....Pages 1225-1236
Dynamic Medium Scale Navigation Using Dynamic Floor Fields....Pages 1237-1249
Effect of Social Groups on Crowd Dynamics: Empirical Findings and Numerical Simulations....Pages 1251-1258
Estimating PCE-Type Factors for Heterogeneous Pedestrian Traffic Using Simulation....Pages 1259-1274
Getting Out of the Way: Collision-Avoiding Pedestrian Models Compared to the RealWorld....Pages 1275-1289
Influence of Rhythm and Velocity Variance on Pedestrian Flow....Pages 1291-1303
Interaction Behavior Between Individual Pedestrians....Pages 1305-1313
New Wayfinding Techniques in Pathfinder and Supporting Research....Pages 1315-1322
OpenPedSim: A Framework for Pedestrian Flow Analysis....Pages 1323-1330
Optimizing Pedestrian Environments with Evolutionary Strategies....Pages 1331-1340
Estimating Pedestrian Destinations Using Traces from WiFi Infrastructures....Pages 1341-1352
Pedestrian Conflicts, Pedestrian Comfort Levels, and Current Pedestrian Levels of Service....Pages 1353-1363
Scalable Evacuation Simulation and Visualization Using GPU Computing....Pages 1365-1373
Starting-wave and Optimal Density in a Queue....Pages 1375-1383
The Love Parade Disaster....Pages 1385-1394
Utilizing Crowd Insights to Refine Disease-Spreading Models....Pages 1395-1403
Venue Suitability for Large-Scale Events from the Viewpoint of Safety Measures....Pages 1405-1416
WALK: A Modular Testbed for Crowd Evacuation Simulation....Pages 1417-1424