Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics

Front Matter....Pages i-xvii
Five Grand Challenges in Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics....Pages 1-11
Front Matter....Pages 13-13
Emergency Door Capacity: Influence of Population Composition and Stress Level....Pages 15-24
Overall and Local Movement Speeds During Fire Drill Evacuations in Buildings up to 31 Stories....Pages 25-35
Predicting the Probability of Evacuation Congestion Occurrence Relating to Elapsed Time and Vertical Section in a High-rise Building....Pages 37-46
Employing Human Egress Data....Pages 47-57
Front Matter....Pages 59-59
New Data for Human Performance in Planar Corridors....Pages 61-70
Influence of Geometry Parameters on Pedestrian Flow through Bottleneck....Pages 71-80
Real-Time Video Analysis of Pedestrians to Support Agent Simulation of People Behavior....Pages 81-94
Free Walking Speeds on Stairs: Effects of Stair Gradients and Obesity of Pedestrians....Pages 95-106
Front Matter....Pages 107-107
Travel Along Stairs by Individuals with Disabilities: A Summary of Devices Used During Routine Travel and Travel During Emergencies....Pages 109-119
The Evacuation Training Problems of an Earthquake in China....Pages 121-127
An Experimental Evaluation of Movement Devices Used to Assist People with Reduced Mobility in High-Rise Building Evacuations....Pages 129-138
Evacuation Dynamics of Children – Walking Speeds, Flows Through Doors in Daycare Centers....Pages 139-147
Front Matter....Pages 149-149
Evacuation Analysis of 1000+ Seat Blended Wing Body Aircraft Configurations: Computer Simulations and Full-scale Evacuation Experiment....Pages 151-161
Collection of Evacuation Data for Large Passenger Vessels at Sea....Pages 163-172
Experimental Research on Investigation of Metro Passenger Evacuation Behaviors in Case of Emergency....Pages 173-184
Modelling Random Taste Variations on Level Changes in Passenger Route Choice in a Public Transport Station....Pages 185-195
Front Matter....Pages 197-197
Extended Range Telepresence for Evacuation Training in Pedestrian Simulations....Pages 199-208
Proof of Concept: Use of Eye-Tracking to Record How People Use Exit Signage....Pages 209-219
Measurement Techniques for Unannounced Evacuation Experiments....Pages 221-229
Front Matter....Pages 197-197
Automation of Pedestrian Tracking in a Crowded Situation....Pages 231-239
Front Matter....Pages 241-241
Pre-Warning Staff Delay: A Forgotten Component in ASET/RSET Calculations....Pages 243-253
Fundamental Diagrams for Pedestrian Networks....Pages 255-264
Modeling of Human Behavior in Crowds Using a Cognitive Feedback Approach....Pages 265-273
How Do People with Disabilities Consider Fire Safety and Evacuation Possibilities in Historical Buildings?....Pages 275-284
Front Matter....Pages 285-285
Risk Minimizing Evacuation Strategies under Uncertainty....Pages 287-296
Methods for Improving Efficiency of Queuing Systems....Pages 297-306
A Stochastic Evacuation Model for Fire Life Safety Assessment in Transportation System....Pages 307-315
Cellular Automata Evacuation Model Considering Information Transfer in Building with Obstacles....Pages 317-326
Quickest Cluster Flow Problems....Pages 327-336
Virtual Reality Simulation of Architectural Clues’ Effects on Human Behavior and Decision Making in Fire Emergency Evacuation....Pages 337-347
A Multi-Grid Model for Evacuation Coupling With the Effects of Fire Products....Pages 349-359
Front Matter....Pages 361-361
Runtime Optimization of Force Based Models within the Hermes Project....Pages 363-373
A Dynamic Simulation on Crowd Congestion in Large-Scale Terminal Station Complex in an Official Announcement Advisory Information....Pages 375-387
Evacuation Assistance for a Sports Arena Using a Macroscopic Network Model....Pages 389-398
Validation of a Potential-based Evacuation Model of City Residents in Post-earthquake Fire....Pages 399-406
Front Matter....Pages 407-407
Assistance of Evacuation Planning with High-Speed Network Model-based Pedestrian Simulator....Pages 409-419
An Evacuation Model for High Speed Trains....Pages 421-431
A Comparison of Grid-based and Continuous Space Pedestrian Modelling Software: Analysis of Two UK Train Stations....Pages 433-446
Front Matter....Pages 447-447
Implementing a Hybrid Space Discretisation within an Agent Based Evacuation Model....Pages 449-458
Front Matter....Pages 447-447
Bidirectional Coupling of Macroscopic and Microscopic Approaches for Pedestrian Behavior Prediction....Pages 459-470
Emergency Evacuation Modeling: A Novel Approach to Layout Designs and Evacuation Procedures....Pages 471-480
The Use of Fine – Coarse Network Model for Simulating Building Evacuation with Information System....Pages 481-491
Simulation of Pedestrian Flow outside a Singleexit Room in Mean-field Approximation Model....Pages 493-501
A Sandwich Approach for Evacuation Time Bounds....Pages 503-513
A Knowledge-based Approach to Crowd Classification....Pages 515-525
Towards Realistic Modeling of Crowd Compressibility....Pages 527-534
Front Matter....Pages 535-535
Towards Automatic and Robust Adjustment of Human Behavioral Parameters in a Pedestrian Stream Model to Measured Data....Pages 537-546
Comparing Pedestrian Movement Simulation Models for a Crossing Area Based on Real World Data....Pages 547-556
Towards a Calibration of the Floor Field Cellular Automaton....Pages 557-566
To See Behind the Curtain – A Methodical Approach to Identify Calculation Methods of Closed-Source Evacuation Software Tools....Pages 567-576
Analyzing Stop-and-Go Waves by Experiment and Modeling....Pages 577-586
Experimental Study of Crowd Flow Passing through Simple-shaped Room and Validation for an Evacuation Simulator....Pages 587-599
Calculating and Verifying the Staircase-length for Evacuation Analysis....Pages 601-611
Front Matter....Pages 613-613
Addressing the Needs of People using Elevators for Emergency Evacuation....Pages 615-625
Stairs or Lifts? - A Study of Human Factors Associated With Lift/Elevator Usage during Evacuations Using an Online Survey....Pages 627-636
Elevator Evacuation Algorithms....Pages 637-647
Experiments for the Feasibility Study of the Evacuation by Moving Escalator in Public Space....Pages 649-659
Front Matter....Pages 661-661
Assessing Crowd Dynamics and Spectator Safety in Seated Area at a Football Stadium....Pages 663-674
Stay or Go? Human Behavior in Major Evacuations....Pages 675-684
Front Matter....Pages 661-661
Analysis of Occupant Behavior During a Highrise Office Building Fire....Pages 685-697
Front Matter....Pages 699-699
Accessibility and Evacuation Planning – Similarities and Differences....Pages 701-712
Micro-Simulation Modeling of Persons with Reduced Mobility: Is the London Framework Applicable in North America and Does it Affect Modeling Output....Pages 713-723
Prospects for the Design of Cognitive Systems that Manage the Movement of Large Crowds....Pages 725-733
Risk Management at Major Events - Study of Behavioral Aspects and Implementation into the ASERI Microscopic Evacuation Mode....Pages 735-738
Front Matter....Pages 739-739
Crowd Management Based on Scientific Research to Prevent Crowd Panic and Disasters....Pages 741-746
The Effect of Stair Width on Occupant Speed and Flow Rate for Egress of High Rise Buildings....Pages 747-750
Using Stereo Recordings to Extract Pedestrian Trajectories Automatically in Space....Pages 751-754
A Methodology to Calibrate Pedestrian Walker Models Using Multiple-Objectives....Pages 755-759
Influence of Doorway Width on Emergency Door Capacity....Pages 761-765
An Example of Complex Pedestrian Route Choice....Pages 767-771
Sensor-Assisted Support Tools for Live Evacuation....Pages 773-777
Mutual Information for the Detection of Crush....Pages 779-784
Evacuation Planning Tool (EPT) for Emergency, Event and Space Planning....Pages 785-788
Counterflow Model for FDS+Evac Simulations....Pages 789-792
A Study on Evacuation Simulation after Earthquake in Consumer Facilities....Pages 793-797
Introducing Emotion Modelling to Agent-Based Pedestrian Circulation Simulation....Pages 799-803
A Study of Density of the Person in a Classroom for Building Evacuation Safety Regulations in Korea....Pages 805-811
Experiments on Egress of Persons with Mobile Disability in Train Car....Pages 813-817
On Time Scaling and Validation of a Stochastic CA Pedestrian Dynamics Model....Pages 819-822
Front Matter....Pages 739-739
FDS+Evac: Modelling Pedestrian Movement in Crowds....Pages 823-826
Behaviour and Perception-based Pedestrian Evacuation Simulation....Pages 827-831
Analysis of Bottleneck Motion Using Voronoi Diagrams....Pages 833-836
Human Guiding, Turning Theory into Practice....Pages 837-841
Modeling Evacuation in Selected Types of Buildings and an Analysis of the Achieved Results....Pages 843-846
Experimental Investigation on the Pair Interaction Between Pedestrians....Pages 847-850
Emergency Situations in Nightclubs: A Discussion on How to Improve the Fire Safety Strategies Through The Use of Evacuation Modeling Analysis....Pages 851-854
Efficiently Using Micro-Simulation to Inform Facility Design – A Case Study in Managing Complexity....Pages 855-863
Next Generation Paradigms in Pedestrian Modeling....Pages 865-869
Next Steps for Agent-Based Simulations of Mass Egress....Pages 871-874
Experimental Study of Pedestrian Flow in the Channel through Bottleneck....Pages 875-879
Occupant Wayfinding in Multi-storey Buildings....Pages 881-884
Improved Methods for Checking Forces Based Models of Pedestrian Dynamics....Pages 885-888
Pathfinder: An Agent-Based Egress Simulator....Pages 889-892
Sonic Speed on Pedestrian Dynamics: Relation between Sonic Speed and Density....Pages 893-897
Sensitivity Visualization of Circulation under Congestion and Blockage....Pages 899-902
Integration of Human Evacuation Route Optimization Model and Fire Prevention and Control System....Pages 903-907