PCI Express Connector High Speed Electrical Test Procedure, Revision 1.0

1. Introduction
	1.1. Reference Documents
2. Recommended Equipment List
3. Test Fixture Description
4. Vector Network Analyzer Settings
5. Calibration
	5.1. Two-port SOLT Calibration Kit (Agilent 8720ES)
		5.1.1. Loading the Cal Kit into the Network Analyzer
		5.1.2. SOLT Calibration Procedure
	5.2. Four-port SOLT Calibration (Agilent 8720ES with N4418A Multiport Test Set)
		5.2.1. SOLT Calibration Procedure
	5.3. Verification of Calibration
		5.3.1. Two-port Calibration Verification
		5.3.2. Four-port Calibration Verification
6. Performing the Insertion Loss Measurement
	6.1. Four-port Network Analyzer Measurement
	6.2. Two-port Network Analyzer Measurement
7. Return Loss Measurement
	7.1. Four-port Vector Network Analyzer Measurement
	7.2. Two-port Vector Network Analyzer Measurement
8. Near-End Crosstalk Measurement
	8.1. Port Definition
	8.2. NEXT Measurement Procedure
		8.2.1. Four-port Vector Network Analyzer Measurement
		8.2.2. Two-port Vector Network Analyzer Measurement
9. Single Ended Mode to Differential Mode Post- Processing
	9.1. Deviation of Differential S-parameters from Single Ended S-parameter Data
		9.1.1. Definition of S-parameters
			9.1.1.1. Incident and Reflected Waves
			9.1.1.2. Derivation of Differential S-parameters
	9.2. Extraction of Differential S-parameters from Single Ended S- parameter Measurements
		9.2.1. Four-port Differential S-parameter Extraction– Insertion Loss
		9.2.2. Two-port Differential S-parameter Extraction– Insertion Loss
		9.2.3. Four-port Differential S-parameter Extraction– Return Loss
		9.2.4. Two-port Differential S-parameter Extraction– Return Loss
		9.2.5. Four-port Differential S-parameter Extraction– NEXT
		9.2.6. Two-port Differential S-parameter Extraction– NEXT