Paul and Palestinian Judaism: 40th Anniversary Edition

Foreword
Preface to the 40th Anniversary Edition
INTRODUCTION
CONTENTS
1. Paul and Judaism in New Testament scholarship
2. The holistic comparison of patterns of religion
Purpose of the study
Difficulties of the comparison
Addendum: patterns and trajectories
3. Sources
PART ONE PALESTINIAN JUDAISM
xi
xxvii
12
18
19
20
24
I T ANNAITIC LITERATURE 33
1. The persistence of the view of Rabbinic religion as one of legalistic
works-righteousness 33
2. The use of Rabbinic material 59
Pharisees and Rabbis 60
Date and authenticity 63
The eclectic use ofTannaitic material 69
3. The nature ofTannaitic literature 76
Tannaitic literature and Tannaitic religion 81
4. The election and the covenant 84
The theme of gratuity 85
The election and the explanations of it 87
The enduring validity of the covenantal promises 101
God's side of the covenant: commandments and blessings 104
5. Obedience and disobedience; reward and punishment 107
The requirement of obedience 107
The burden of obedience 110
Disobedience as sin and guilt 11 1
Reward and punishment 117
6. Reward and punishment and the world to come 125
God's justice and retribution in the world to come 125
Weighing fulfilments and transgressions at the judgment 128
7. Salvation by membership in the covenant and atonement
All Israelites have a share in the world to come
The Sadducees
The 'amme ho-'arets
Atonement
Summary
8. Proper religious behaviour: zakah and tsadaq
Zak ah
Tsadaq
9. The Gentiles
1 o. The nature of religious life and experience
Studying and doing and the presence of God
Prayer and the time of death
11. Conclusion
II THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS
1. Introduction
2. The covenant and the covenant people
The covenant
The members of the covenant and its enemies
3. Election and predestination
4. The commandments
5. Fulfilment and transgression; the nature of sin; reward and
punishment
The requirement of fulfilment
Destruction of the wicked
Sin as transgression
Punishment for intra-covenantal transgression
Reward, the requirement of perfection and man's nothingness
6. Atonement
7. The righteousness of God and the righteousness of man
8. The religious life
9. Conclusion
Appendix 1 : The authorship and Sitz im Leben of the Hodayot
Appendix 2: IQS 8. I-