Patterns for College Writing: A Rhetorical Reader and Guide

Cover......Page 2
Inside Front Cover......Page 3
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright page......Page 6
Preface......Page 8
Contents......Page 17
Thematic Guide to the Contents......Page 45
Henry Louis Gates Jr., “What’s in a Name?”......Page 51
Responding to an Essay......Page 54
Responding to Other Kinds of Texts......Page 60
Part One The Writing Process......Page 61
1 Reading to Write: Becoming a Critical Reader......Page 63
Understanding Critical Reading......Page 65
Previewing......Page 66
Recognizing Verbal Signals......Page 67
Brent Staples: Cutting and Pasting: A Senior Thesis by (Insert Name)......Page 69
Exercise 1......Page 72
Moisés Naím: The YouTube Effect......Page 74
Annotating......Page 76
Checklist Questions for Critical Reading......Page 77
Checklist Reading Visual Texts......Page 80
Exercise 3......Page 81
2 Invention......Page 82
Understanding Your Assignment......Page 84
Purpose......Page 85
Audience......Page 86
Occasion......Page 87
Checklist Setting Limits......Page 88
Exercise 2......Page 89
Questions for Probing......Page 90
Checklist Questions for Probing......Page 91
Exercise 3......Page 92
Freewriting......Page 93
A Student Writer: Freewriting......Page 94
Exercise 6......Page 95
Journal Writing......Page 96
A Student Writer: Journal Writing......Page 97
Grouping Ideas......Page 99
A Student Writer: Clustering......Page 101
Making an Informal Outline......Page 102
Exercise 7......Page 103
Understanding Thesis and Support......Page 104
Defining the Thesis Statement......Page 106
Stating Your Thesis......Page 107
Exercise 8......Page 110
Exercise 10......Page 111
Exercise 11......Page 112
3 Arrangement......Page 113
Checklist Recognizing a Pattern......Page 114
The Introduction......Page 116
The Body Paragraphs......Page 119
Checklist Effective Support......Page 124
Exercise 3......Page 126
The Conclusion......Page 127
Checklist What Not to Do in a Conclusion......Page 128
Exercise 4......Page 129
Checklist Constructing a Formal Outline......Page 130
A Student Writer: Constructing a Formal Outline......Page 131
Exercise 5......Page 132
4 Drafting and Revising......Page 133
A Student Writer: Writing a First Draft......Page 135
Exercise 1......Page 136
Revising Your Essay......Page 137
Checklist Revising......Page 138
Revising with Your Instructor’s Written Comments......Page 139
Revising in a Conference......Page 140
Checklist Guidelines for Peer Editing......Page 141
Strategies for Revising......Page 143
Peer-Editing Worksheet......Page 145
The Body Paragraphs......Page 147
A Student Writer: Revising a Second Draft......Page 148
The Body Paragraphs......Page 150
The Title......Page 151
A Student Writer: Preparing a Final Draft......Page 152
Exercise 4......Page 154
5 Editing and Proofreading......Page 155
Be Sure Verb Tenses Are Accurate and Consistent......Page 157
Be Sure Sentences Are Complete......Page 158
Be Careful to Avoid Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers......Page 159
Be Sure Sentence Elements Are Parallel......Page 160
Checklist Editing for Grammar......Page 161
Learn When to Use Commas — and When Not to Use Them......Page 163
Learn When to Use Apostrophes......Page 164
Learn When to Use Dashes and Colons......Page 165
Exercise 2......Page 166
Eliminate Awkward Phrasing......Page 167
Be Sure Your Sentences Are Varied......Page 168
Checklist Editing for Sentence Style and Word Choice......Page 169
Exercise 3......Page 170
Checklist Proofreading......Page 171
Exercise 4......Page 172
Checking Your Paper’s Format......Page 173
Exercise 5......Page 174
Part Two Readings for Writers......Page 175
6 Narration......Page 177
What Is Narration?......Page 180
Using Narration......Page 181
Including Enough Detail......Page 182
Using Correct Verb Tenses.......Page 183
Using Transitions.......Page 184
Structuring a Narrative Essay......Page 185
Revision Checklist Narration......Page 188
Grammar in Context Avoiding Run-Ons......Page 189
A Student Writer: Literacy Narrative......Page 190
Thesis Statement.......Page 192
Focus on Revision......Page 193
A Student Writer: Narration......Page 194
Thesis Statement.......Page 196
Verb Tense.......Page 197
Focus on Revision......Page 198
Peer-Editing Worksheet Narration......Page 199
Marjane Satrapi: from Persepolis II (Graphic Fiction)*......Page 200
Thematic Connections......Page 202
Junot Díaz: The Money......Page 203
Style and Structure......Page 206
Thematic Connections......Page 207
Ocean Vuong: Surrendering......Page 208
Style and Structure......Page 211
Thematic Connections......Page 212
Bonnie Smith-Yackel: My Mother Never Worked......Page 214
Purpose and Audience......Page 218
Thematic Connections......Page 219
Martin Gansberg: Thirty-Eight Who Saw Murder Didn’t Call the Police......Page 220
Purpose and Audience......Page 224
Thematic Connections......Page 225
George Orwell: Shooting an Elephant......Page 227
Purpose and Audience......Page 234
Writing Workshop......Page 235
Thematic Connections......Page 236
Sherman Alexie: Indian Education (Fiction)......Page 237
Reading Literature......Page 243
Thematic Connections......Page 244
Writing Assignments for Narration......Page 245
Collaborative Activity for Narration......Page 247
7 Description......Page 248
What Is Description?......Page 251
Understanding Objective Description......Page 253
Understanding Subjective Description......Page 256
Using Objective and Subjective Language......Page 258
Selecting Details......Page 259
Using Transitions......Page 261
Sample Outline: Descriptive Essay......Page 263
Revision Checklist Description......Page 265
Grammar in Context Avoiding Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers......Page 266
Editing Checklist Description......Page 267
A Student Writer: Objective Description......Page 268
Figurative Language.......Page 270
Focus on Revision......Page 271
A Student Writer: Subjective Description......Page 272
Subjective Description.......Page 273
Working with Sources.......Page 274
Peer-Editing Worksheet Description......Page 275
Reading Images......Page 277
Thematic Connections......Page 278
Bich Minh Nguyen: Goodbye to My Twinkie Days......Page 279
Comprehension......Page 281
Writing Workshop......Page 282
Thematic Connections......Page 283
Suzanne Berne: Ground Zero......Page 284
Style and Structure......Page 288
Thematic Connections......Page 289
Marina Keegan: Stability in Motion......Page 290
Style and Structure......Page 295
Thematic Connections......Page 296
Heather Rogers: The Hidden Life of Garbage......Page 297
Style and Structure......Page 301
Thematic Connections......Page 302
E. B. White: Once More to the Lake......Page 303
Purpose and Audience......Page 309
Thematic Connections......Page 310
Kate Chopin: The Storm (Fiction)......Page 312
Reading Literature......Page 317
Thematic Connections......Page 318
Writing Assignments for Description......Page 319
Collaborative Activity for Description......Page 320
8 Exemplification......Page 321
What Is Exemplification?......Page 325
Using Examples to Explain and Clarify......Page 326
Using Examples to Persuade......Page 327
Providing Enough Examples......Page 329
Choosing a Fair Range of Examples......Page 330
Using Transitions......Page 331
Structuring an Exemplification Essay......Page 332
Revision Checklist Exemplification......Page 334
Grammar in Context Using Commas in a Series......Page 335
A Student Writer: Exemplification......Page 336
Persuasive Examples......Page 338
A Student Writer: Exemplification......Page 339
Organization......Page 341
Effective Examples......Page 342
Peer-Editing Worksheet Exemplification......Page 343
Charles Thatcher, Carrie Villines, Guido Koppes, and Anthony Bradshaw*: Four Tattoos (Photos)......Page 345
Thematic Connections......Page 347
Zeynep Tufekci: Why the Post Office Makes America Great......Page 349
Purpose and Audience......Page 352
Combining the Patterns......Page 353
Thematic Connections......Page 354
Judith Ortiz Cofer: The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria......Page 355
Purpose and Audience......Page 361
Writing Workshop......Page 362
Thematic Connections......Page 363
Brent Staples: Just Walk On By: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space......Page 364
Comprehension......Page 368
Writing Workshop......Page 369
Thematic Connections......Page 370
Deborah L. Rhode: Why Looks Are the Last Bastion of Discrimination......Page 371
Purpose and Audience......Page 376
Thematic Connections......Page 377
Maia Szalavitz: Ten Ways We Get the Odds Wrong......Page 379
Risk and emotion are inseparable.......Page 380
We underestimate threats that creep up on us.......Page 381
We substitute one risk for another.......Page 382
Why using your cortex isn’t always smart.......Page 383
Risk arguments cannot be divorced from values.......Page 384
Why worrying about risk is itself risky.......Page 385
Style and Structure......Page 386
Writing Workshop......Page 387
Thematic Connections......Page 388
Jamaica Kincaid: “Girl” (Fiction)......Page 389
Thematic Connections......Page 391
Writing Assignments for Exemplification......Page 392
Collaborative Activity for Exemplification......Page 393
9 Process......Page 394
Understanding Instructions......Page 398
Understanding Process Explanations......Page 399
Using Process......Page 400
Using Transitions......Page 401
Structuring a Process Essay......Page 403
Revision Checklist Process......Page 405
Grammar in Context Avoiding Unnecessary Shifts......Page 406
Editing Checklist Process......Page 408
A Student Writer: Instructions......Page 409
Transitions.......Page 412
Working with Sources.......Page 413
A Student Writer: Process Explanation......Page 414
Purpose and Style.......Page 415
Focus on Revision......Page 416
Peer-Editing Worksheet Process......Page 417
National Geographic: Yellowstone Fires, Past and Future......Page 419
Thematic Connections......Page 420
Naomi Rosenberg: How to Tell a Mother Her Child Is Dead......Page 421
Purpose and Audience......Page 424
Writing Workshop......Page 425
Thematic Connections......Page 426
Stanley Fish: Getting Coffee Is Hard to Do......Page 427
Comprehension......Page 429
Journal Entry......Page 430
Thematic Connections......Page 431
1. Locate a mountain castle.......Page 432
3. Gather your materials.......Page 433
10. Relax and enjoy your success.......Page 435
Journal Entry......Page 436
Thematic Connections......Page 437
Arthur Miller: Get It Right: Privatize Executions......Page 438
Purpose and Audience......Page 441
Combining the Patterns......Page 442
Thematic Connections......Page 443
Jessica Mitford: The Embalming of Mr. Jones......Page 444
Journal Entry......Page 450
Thematic Connections......Page 451
Shirley Jackson: The Lottery (Fiction)......Page 452
Thematic Connections......Page 461
Writing Assignments for Process......Page 462
Collaborative Activity for Process......Page 463
10 Cause and Effect......Page 464
What Is Cause and Effect?......Page 467
The Case of the Losing Team.......Page 469
The Case of the Car-Free Millennials.......Page 470
Understanding Main and Contributory Causes......Page 471
The Case of the Hartford Roof Collapse.......Page 472
Reconsidering the Hartford Roof Collapse.......Page 473
The Case of the Disappearing Bicycle.......Page 474
The Case of the Magical Maggots.......Page 475
The Case of the Female Centenarians.......Page 476
Developing a Thesis Statement......Page 477
Using Transitions......Page 478
Finding Causes......Page 479
Describing or Predicting Effects......Page 480
Revision Checklist Cause and Effect......Page 483
Grammar in Context Avoiding “The reason is because”; Using Affect and Effect Correctly......Page 484
A Student Writer: Cause and Effect......Page 485
Structure.......Page 487
Answering an Exam Question.......Page 488
Peer-Editing Worksheet Cause and Effect......Page 489
Journal Entry......Page 491
Thematic Connections......Page 492
Josh Barro: Why Stealing Cars Went Out of Fashion......Page 493
Journal Entry......Page 496
Thematic Connections......Page 497
Maggie Koerth-Baker: Why Rational People Buy into Conspiracy Theories......Page 498
Comprehension......Page 502
Writing Workshop......Page 503
Thematic Connections......Page 504
Simon Cottee: What Motivates Terrorists?......Page 505
Comprehension......Page 509
Writing Workshop......Page 510
Thematic Connections......Page 511
Linda M. Hasselstrom: A Peaceful Woman Explains Why She Carries a Gun......Page 512
Purpose and Audience......Page 517
Thematic Connections......Page 518
Karen Miller Pensiero: Photos That Change History......Page 519
Comprehension......Page 526
Writing Workshop......Page 527
Thematic Connections......Page 528
Janice Mirikitani: Suicide Note (Poetry)......Page 529
Thematic Connections......Page 532
Writing Assignments for Cause and Effect......Page 533
Collaborative Activity for Cause and Effect......Page 535
11 Comparison and Contrast......Page 536
What Is Comparison and Contrast?......Page 540
Using Comparison and Contrast......Page 542
Recognizing Comparison-and-Contrast Assignments......Page 543
Establishing a Basis for Comparison......Page 544
Developing a Thesis Statement......Page 545
Using Subject-by-Subject Comparison......Page 547
Using Point-by-Point Comparison......Page 548
Using Transitions......Page 549
Revision Checklist Comparison and Contrast......Page 551
Grammar in Context Using Parallelism......Page 552
A Student Writer: Subject-by-Subject Comparison......Page 553
Selecting Points for Comparison.......Page 556
Topic Sentences.......Page 557
A Student Writer: Point-by-Point Comparison......Page 558
Points for Special Attention......Page 562
Topic Sentences.......Page 563
Working with Sources.......Page 564
Peer-Editing Worksheet Comparison and Contrast......Page 565
Auguste Rodin: The Kiss (Sculpture)......Page 567
Robert Indiana: LOVE (Sculpture)......Page 569
Thematic Connections......Page 570
Bruce Catton: Grant and Lee: A Study in Contrasts......Page 571
Style and Structure......Page 575
Thematic Connections......Page 576
Juan Williams: Songs of the Summer of 1963 . . . and Today......Page 578
Journal Entry......Page 582
Thematic Connections......Page 583
Amy Chua: Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior......Page 584
Comprehension......Page 589
Writing Workshop......Page 590
Thematic Connections......Page 591
Ellen Laird: I’m Your Teacher, Not Your Internet-Service Provider......Page 592
Even Cinderella had a deadline.......Page 594
There are no sick or personal days in cyberspace.......Page 595
Comprehension......Page 596
Writing Workshop......Page 597
Thematic Connections......Page 598
Deborah Tannen: Sex, Lies, and Conversation......Page 599
Linguistic Battle of the Sexes......Page 600
Listening to Body Language......Page 602
The Sounds of Silence......Page 603
Journal Entry......Page 605
Thematic Connections......Page 606
Isabel Wilkerson: Emmett Till and Tamir Rice, Sons of the Great Migration......Page 607
Journal Entry......Page 612
Thematic Connections......Page 613
William Shakespeare: Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?......Page 614
Journal Entry......Page 615
Thematic Connections......Page 616
Writing Assignments for Comparison and Contrast......Page 617
Collaborative Activity for Comparison and Contrast......Page 618
12 Classification and Division......Page 619
What Is Classification and Division?......Page 622
Understanding Division......Page 623
Using Classification and Division......Page 624
Developing a Thesis Statement......Page 625
Using Transitions......Page 626
Structuring a Classification-and-Division Essay......Page 628
Revision Checklist Classification and Division......Page 631
Grammar in Context Using a Colon to Introduce Your Categories......Page 632
A Student Writer: Classification and Division......Page 633
Working with Sources.......Page 636
Transitions between Categories.......Page 637
Peer-Editing Worksheet Classification and Division......Page 638
Coffee Types......Page 640
Thematic Connections......Page 641
Olga Khazan: The Three Types of Happiness......Page 642
Comprehension......Page 644
Journal Entry......Page 645
Thematic Connections......Page 646
Carolyn Foster Segal: The Dog Ate My Tablet, and Other Tales of Woe......Page 647
The Family......Page 648
The Evils of Technology......Page 649
The Totally Bizarre......Page 650
Purpose and Audience......Page 651
Combining the Patterns......Page 652
Thematic Connections......Page 653
Amy Tan: Mother Tongue......Page 654
Comprehension......Page 660
Journal Entry......Page 661
Thematic Connections......Page 662
Stephanie Ericsson: The Ways We Lie......Page 663
Facades......Page 665
Deflecting......Page 666
Omission......Page 667
Stereotypes and Clichés......Page 668
Out-and-Out Lies......Page 669
Delusion......Page 670
Style and Structure......Page 672
Thematic Connections......Page 673
Henry Reed: Naming of Parts......Page 674
Thematic Connections......Page 676
Writing Assignments for Classification and Division......Page 677
Collaborative Activity for Classification and Division......Page 678
13 Definition......Page 679
Understanding Formal Definitions......Page 682
Understanding Extended Definitions......Page 683
Using Definition......Page 685
Exemplification......Page 686
Classification and division......Page 687
Structuring a Definition Essay......Page 689
Revision Checklist Definition......Page 692
Grammar in Context Avoiding is when and is where......Page 693
A Student Writer: Definition......Page 694
Thesis Statement.......Page 697
Focus on Revision......Page 698
Peer-Editing Worksheet Definition......Page 699
U.S. Census Bureau: U.S. Census 2010 Form (Questionnaire)......Page 701
Thematic Connections......Page 702
Judy Brady: I Want a Wife......Page 703
Journal Entry......Page 706
Thematic Connections......Page 707
José Antonio Burciaga: Tortillas......Page 708
Comprehension......Page 710
Writing Workshop......Page 711
Thematic Connections......Page 712
Amy Wilentz: A Zombie Is a Slave Forever......Page 713
Purpose and Audience......Page 716
Combining the Patterns......Page 717
Thematic Connections......Page 718
Richard Posner: On Plagiarism......Page 719
Purpose and Audience......Page 722
Thematic Connections......Page 723
Emily Dickinson: “Hope” is the thing with feathers......Page 724
Thematic Connections......Page 725
Writing Assignments for Definition......Page 726
Collaborative Activity for Definition......Page 728
14 Argumentation......Page 729
What Is Argumentation?......Page 736
Understanding Argumentation and Persuasion......Page 738
Developing a Thesis......Page 740
Gathering and Documenting Evidence......Page 741
Kinds of Evidence.......Page 742
Criteria for Evidence.......Page 743
Dealing with the Opposition......Page 744
Understanding Rogerian Argument......Page 745
Checklist Guidelines for Using Rogerian Argument......Page 746
Using Deductive Arguments......Page 747
Using Inductive Arguments......Page 749
Using Toulmin Logic......Page 751
Argument from Analogy.......Page 752
Equivocation.......Page 753
Misleading Statistics.......Page 754
Using Transitions......Page 755
Structuring an Argumentative Essay......Page 757
Revision Checklist Argumentation......Page 760
Grammar in Context Using Coordinating and Subordinating Conjunctions......Page 761
Editing Checklist Argumentation......Page 763
A Student Writer: Argumentation......Page 764
Choosing a Topic.......Page 766
Organization.......Page 767
Peer-Editing Worksheet Argumentation......Page 768
StopTextsStopWrecks.org: You Don’t Want Them Responding to Your Text (Ad)......Page 770
Thematic Connections......Page 772
Thomas Jefferson: The Declaration of Independence......Page 773
Comprehension......Page 777
Journal Entry......Page 778
Thematic Connections......Page 779
Rachel Carson: The Obligation to Endure......Page 780
Purpose and Audience......Page 787
Writing Workshop......Page 788
Thematic Connections......Page 789
Martin Luther King Jr.: Letter from Birmingham Jail......Page 790
Journal Entry......Page 806
Thematic Connections......Page 807
*Debate: Should Public Colleges and Universities Be Free?......Page 808
Aaron Bady: Public Universities Should Be Free......Page 811
Let There Be Light......Page 813
Open Roads and Toll Roads......Page 814
Purpose and Audience......Page 815
Writing Workshop......Page 816
Thematic Connections......Page 817
Matt Bruenig: The Case against Free College......Page 818
Comprehension......Page 821
Writing Workshop......Page 822
Thematic Connections......Page 823
*Debate: Does It Pay to Study the Humanities?......Page 824
Leon Wieseltier: Perhaps Culture Is Now the Counterculture: A Defense of the Humanities......Page 827
Style and Structure......Page 831
Thematic Connections......Page 832
Critical Thinking and the Scientific Process First — Humanities Later......Page 833
So What Is Wrong with Today’s Typical Liberal Arts Degree?......Page 834
So What Should Non-Professional Elite Education Entail?......Page 840
Lots of Things Are Important but What Are the Most Important Goals of an Education?......Page 845
Journal Entry......Page 847
Thematic Connections......Page 848
*Casebook: Do College Students Need Trigger Warnings?......Page 849
Geoffrey R. Stone: Free Expression in Peril......Page 852
Style and Structure......Page 860
Thematic Connections......Page 861
Sophie Downes: Trigger Warnings, Safe Spaces, and Free Speech, Too......Page 862
Journal Entry......Page 865
Thematic Connections......Page 866
Jennifer Medina: Warning: The Literary Canon Could Make Students Squirm......Page 867
Style and Structure......Page 871
Thematic Connections......Page 872
Soraya Chemaly: What’s Really Important about “Trigger Warnings”......Page 873
Style and Structure......Page 878
Thematic Connections......Page 879
*Casebook: Do Guns Have a Place on College Campuses?......Page 880
Andrew Wilson: Why I Wouldn’t Go to the University of Texas Law School......Page 883
Comprehension......Page 885
Journal Entry......Page 886
Thematic Connections......Page 887
Students for Gun-Free Schools: Why Our Campuses Are Safer without Concealed Handguns......Page 888
2. More Guns on Campus Would Create Additional Risk for Students......Page 890
3. Shooters Would Not Be Deterred by Concealed Carry Permit Holders......Page 891
4. Concealed Carry Permit Holders Are Not Always “Law-Abiding” Citizens......Page 892
5. Concealed Carry Permit Holders Are Not Required to Have Law Enforcement Training......Page 894
Journal Entry......Page 896
Thematic Connections......Page 897
Students for Concealed Carry: Why Our Campuses Are Not Safer without Concealed Handguns......Page 898
1. Concealed Handguns Would Not Detract from a Healthy Learning Environment......Page 900
2. More Guns on Campus Would Create Little If Any Additional Risk for Students......Page 901
3. Shooters May or May Not Be Deterred by Concealed Carry Permit Holders, but Deterring Shooting Sprees Is Only One of Several Potential Benefits......Page 903
4. Concealed Carry Permit Holders Are Not Always “Law-Abiding” Citizens, but They’re Statistically More Law-Abiding Than Most......Page 904
5. Concealed Carry Permit Holders Are Not Required to Have Law Enforcement Training Because They’re Not Law Enforcement Officers......Page 907
Comprehension......Page 909
Journal Entry......Page 910
Thematic Connections......Page 911
Timothy Wheeler: There’s a Reason They Choose Schools......Page 912
Comprehension......Page 915
Journal Entry......Page 916
Thematic Connections......Page 917
Writing Assignments for Argumentation......Page 918
Collaborative Activity for Argumentation......Page 920
15 Combining the Patterns......Page 922
Structuring an Essay by Combining the Patterns......Page 925
Grammar in Context Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns......Page 927
A Student Writer: Combining the Patterns......Page 929
Detail.......Page 932
Peer-Editing Worksheet Combining the Patterns......Page 933
Lars Eighner: On Dumpster Diving......Page 935
Comprehension......Page 949
Journal Entry......Page 950
Thematic Connections......Page 951
David Kirby: Inked Well......Page 952
Purpose and Audience......Page 957
Thematic Connections......Page 958
Donald Kagan: On Patriotism......Page 959
Comprehension......Page 967
Journal Entry......Page 968
Thematic Connections......Page 969
Jonathan Swift: A Modest Proposal......Page 970
Style and Structure......Page 979
Thematic Connections......Page 980
Writing Assignments for Combining the Patterns......Page 981
Collaborative Activity for Combining the Patterns......Page 982
Part Three Working with Sources......Page 983
16 Finding and Evaluating Sources......Page 985
Finding Information in the Library......Page 986
Exercise 1......Page 987
Doing a subject search.......Page 988
Finding Useful Information......Page 989
Exercise 2......Page 990
Is the source accurate?......Page 991
Is the source objective?......Page 992
Exercise 3......Page 993
17 Integrating Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism......Page 994
Paraphrasing......Page 996
Exercise 1......Page 997
Exercise 2......Page 998
Exercise 3......Page 999
Integrating Source Material into Your Writing......Page 1000
Synthesizing......Page 1001
Exercise 4......Page 1002
Avoiding Plagiarism......Page 1003
1. Identify Your Source......Page 1005
3. Use Your Own Wording......Page 1006
Exercise 5......Page 1007
Exercise 6......Page 1008
18 Documenting Sources: MLA......Page 1009
3. When you are citing an indirect source......Page 1010
4. When you are citing a source without page numbers......Page 1011
Journal Articles.......Page 1013
Books......Page 1015
Internet Sources......Page 1020
Other Internet Sources......Page 1023
Other Nonprint Sources......Page 1024
Model Student Research Paper in MLA Style......Page 1026
Using Parenthetical References......Page 1034
Internet Sources......Page 1036
Philip Lau, The Limitations of Wikipedia (Student Essay in APA Style)......Page 1039
Glossary......Page 1051
Acknowledgments......Page 1066
A......Page 1074
B......Page 1077
C......Page 1079
D......Page 1085
E......Page 1088
F......Page 1091
G......Page 1092
H......Page 1093
I......Page 1094
J......Page 1096
K......Page 1097
L......Page 1098
M......Page 1099
N......Page 1101
O......Page 1102
P......Page 1103
Q......Page 1107
R......Page 1108
S......Page 1110
T......Page 1113
U......Page 1115
V......Page 1116
W......Page 1117
Y......Page 1119
Z......Page 1120
Inside Back Cover......Page 1121
Backcover......Page 1122