Pathophysiology for Massage Therapists: A Functional Approach

Inside Front Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgments
Reviewers
Contents
Unit 1 The Basics
	Chapter 1 Introduction to Pathophysiology
		PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
			Definitions
			Foundations
		UNDERSTANDING CAUSES AND PREVENTION
			Etiology
			Health Promotion
			Disease Prevention
	Chapter 2 Determinants of Health
		HEALTH AND HOMEOSTASIS
		DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
			Genes
			Environment
			Behavior
			Resources
			Trauma
			Infection
			Metabolism
			Comorbidity
		DISEASE AS A PROCESS
			Stages of Disease
			Phases of Disease
	Chapter 3 Massage, Health, and Disease
		MASSAGE AND BODYWORK PARADIGMS
			Massage Techniques
			Assessment and Treatment Design
		MASSAGE IN PRACTICE
			Biomedicine
			Biopsychosocial Model
			Massage and Health Care
		UNDERSTANDING RESEARCH ON THE BENEFITS OF MASSAGE
Unit 2  Defensive Disorders: Responses to Illness, Injury, and Threat of Harm
	Chapter 4 Inflammation, Injury, and Tissue Remodeling
		INFLAMMATION
			Vascular Response
			Chemical Response
			Stages of Inflammation
			Acute vs. Chronic Inflammation
		INJURY
		TISSUE REMODELING
			Repair
			Regeneration
		TREATMENT FOR INJURY AND INFLAMMATION
		MASSAGE AND INFLAMMATION
	Chapter 5 Understanding Pain
		CAUSES OF PAIN
		TYPES OF PAIN
		PAIN PATHWAYS
			Gate Theory of Pain
			Pain Neuromatrix Theory
			Sensory-Decision Theory
		PAIN MODULATION
		PAIN AND PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
		PAIN TREATMENT
		MASSAGE AND PAIN
	Chapter 6 Let\'s Talk About Stress
		STRESSORS
			Physical Stressors
			Psychosocial Stressors
		ACUTE VS. CHRONIC STRESS
		STRESS AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
			Stress Hormones
			Stress Response
		STRESS AND HEALTH
		MASSAGE AND STRESS
	Chapter 7 Infection and Immunity
		PATHOGENS
			Bacteria
			Viruses
			Parasites
			Fungi
		PATHWAYS OF INFECTION TRANSMISSION
			Direct Contact
			Inhalation
			Vectors
			Signs and Symptoms of Infections
			Ingestion
			Massage and Infectious Diseases
		THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
			Immunity
			Immune Response
			Massage and Immune Function
	Chapter 8 Understanding Cancer
		CELL AND TISSUE GROWTH
			Normal Cell Growth
			Cancer Cell Growth
		TYPES OF CANCER
			TNM Staging System
		RISK FACTORS
			Signs and Symptoms
		CANCER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
			Cancer Grading System
		DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
			Diagnosis
			Treatment
		MASSAGE AND CANCER
	Chapter 9 Autoimmune Disorders
		AUTOIMMUNE REACTION
		TYPES OF AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS
			Movement-Related
			Digestion and Elimination
			Metabolism
			Massage and Autoimmune Disorders
		ALLERGIES
			Massage and Allergies
Unit 3 
MovementRelated Disorders
	Chapter 10 Movement Structure and Function
		SKELETON
			Bones
			Joints
		MUSCLES
			Muscle Anatomy
			Muscle Physiology
		THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
			Central Nervous System
			Peripheral Nervous System
		MOVEMENT
		MOVEMENT ASSESSMENT
	Chapter 11 Neuromuscular Conditions
		STRAINS AND SPASMS
			Muscle Strain
			Muscle Spasms
			Massage and Strains and Spasms
		NEUROMUSCULAR SYNDROMES
			Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
			Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
			Whiplash
			Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome and Metatarsalgia
			Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome
			Pelvis and Hip Syndromes
			Massage and Neuromuscular Syndromes
		NEUROMOTOR DISORDERS
			Spinal Cord Injury
			Epilepsy and Seizures
			Tourette Syndrome
			Dystonia
			Bell’s Palsy
			Massage and Neuromotor Disorders
		CANCER AND NEUROMUSCULAR CONDITIONS
	Chapter 12 Overuse and Recovery Disorders
		OVERUSE INJURIES
			Tendinopathy
			Compartment Syndromes
			Bursitis
			Plantar Fasciitis
			Massage and Overuse Injuries
		RECOVERY-RELATED DISORDERS
			Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness
			Rhabdomyolysis
			Exercise-Related Syncope
			Massage and Recovery-Related Disorders
	Chapter 13 Degenerative Neuromuscular Disorders and Diseases
		CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS
			Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
			Parkinson’s Disease
			Huntington’s Disease
			Multiple Sclerosis
			Massage and Neuromuscular Disorders of the CNS
		DISORDERS OF PERIPHERAL NERVES AND THE EXTREMITIES
			Muscular Dystrophies
			Myasthenia Gravis
			Guillain-Barré Syndrome
			Massage and PNS Disorders
	Chapter 14 Bone, Joint, and Postural Disorders
		JOINT DISORDERS
			Sprains and Dislocations
			Osteoarthritis
			Rheumatoid Arthritis
			Patellofemoral Disorder
			Massage and Joint Disorders
			Meniscus Injury
		SKELETAL AND POSTURAL DISORDERS
			Bone Density Disorders
			Spinal Curvature Disorders
			Spondyloarthropathies
			Osteitis Deformans
			Bunion
			Arch Disorders
			Massage and Skeletal and Postural Disorders
		CANCERS AFFECTING THE SKELETON AND POSTURE
Unit 4 
Circulatory Disorders
	Chapter 15 Circulatory and Cardiorespiratory Structure and Function
		CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
			Heart
			Cardiovascular Circulation
			Cardiac Conduction
			Cardiac Cycle
			Blood Vessels
			Blood
		RESPIRATION, VENTILATION, AND PERFUSION
			Blood Pressure
		LYMPH TISSUES
			Spleen
			Vessels and Nodes
		CIRCULATORY ASSESSMENT
			Interview and Documentation
			Identifying Health Risks
			Functional Assessment
	Chapter 16 Cardiovascular Disorders
		HEART DISEASES
			Coronary Artery Disease
			Congestive Heart Failure
			Arrhythmias
			Massage and Heart Diseases
			Hypertension
		DISORDERS OF THE BLOOD AND CIRCULATION
			Hypotension
			Cerebrovascular Accident
			Anemia
			Hemophilia
			Varicose Veins and Spider Veins
			Raynaud’s Phenomenon
			Massage and Disorders of the Blood and Circulation
		CARDIAC TUMORS
			Massage and Cardiac Tumors
	Chapter 17 Respiratory Conditions
		OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES
			Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis
			Asthma
			Pulmonary Fibrosis
			Cystic Fibrosis
			Massage and Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders
		PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
			Massage and Pulmonary Tuberculosis
		DISORDERS OF THE PLEURA
			Pleurisy and Pleural Effusion
			Pneumothorax and Hemothorax
			Massage and Pleural Disorders
			Massage and Lung Cancer
		LUNG CANCER
	Chapter 18 Lymphatic Conditions and Immune Disorders
		INTERSTITIAL FLUID DISORDERS
			Lymphedema
			Massage and Interstitial Fluid Disorders
		LYMPH TISSUE DISORDERS
			Castleman Disease
			Splenomegaly
			Massage and Lymph Tissue Disorders
		HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
			Massage and HIV
		LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE CANCERS
			Lymphoma
			Leukemia
			Multiple Myeloma
			Massage and Lymphatic and Immune Cancers
		BREAST CANCER
			Massage and Breast Cancer
Unit 5 Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination Disorders
	Chapter 19 Digestion and Elimination: Structure and Function
		THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS
		BREAKDOWN AND ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS
			Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
			Accessory Organs
		BACTERIA, ENZYMES, AND HORMONES
			Bacteria
			Enzymes
			Hormones
		PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
		DIGESTION OF NUTRIENTS
		ELIMINATION
			Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
			Fiber and Digestion
		RENAL FUNCTION
		DIGESTION AND ELIMINATION ASSESSMENT
	Chapter 20 Digestive Disorders
		ORAL AND SWALLOWING DISORDERS
			Disorders of the Mouth
			Dysphagia and Esophageal Dysfunction
			Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
			Massage and Oral and Swallowing Disorders
		STOMACH DISORDERS
			Gastritis and Gastroenteritis
			Peptic Ulcer
			Massage and Stomach Disorders
		DISORDERS OF ACCESSORY ORGANS
			Pancreatitis
			Cirrhosis
			Hepatitis
			Portal Hypertension
			Gallstones
			Massage and Disorders of Accessory Organs
		CANCERS AFFECTING DIGESTION
			Massage and Digestive Cancers
	Chapter 21 Elimination Disorders
		LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT DISORDERS
			Functional Disorders
			Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
			Diverticular Diseases
			Rectal and Anal Disorders
			Appendicitis
			Massage and Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders
		RENAL AND UROLOGIC DISORDERS
			Renal Failure
			Polycystic Kidney Diseases
			Glomerular Disorders
			Kidney Stones
			Interstitial Cystitis
			Massage and Renal and Urological Disorders
		CANCERS AFFECTING ELIMINATION
Unit 6 
Metabolic and Reproductive Disorders
	Chapter 22 Metabolic and Reproductive Structure and Function
		METABOLISM
		ORGANS OF METABOLISM
			Endocrine Glands
			Hormones
			Digestive Organs and Metabolism
			Role of the Nervous System in Metabolism
		NUTRITION
			Nutrients
			Enzymes
		MEASURING METABOLISM
		REPRODUCTION
			Female Reproductive System
			Male Reproductive System
		METABOLISM AND REPRODUCTIVE ASSESSMENT
	Chapter 23 Metabolic Disorders
		HORMONE DISORDERS
			Thyroid Conditions
			Diabetes
			Cushing’s Syndrome
			Addison’s Disease
			Massage and Hormone Disorders
		ENZYME DISORDERS
			Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
			Mucopolysaccharidosis
			Trimethylaminuria
			Urea Cycle Disorder
			Massage and Enzyme Disorders
		NUTRIENT STORAGE AND SYNTHESIS DISORDERS
			Glycogen Storage Diseases
			Lipid Storage Diseases
			Protein Disorders
			Amyloidosis
			Gout
			Massage and Nutrient Storage and Synthesis Disorders
			Thyroid Cancers
		CANCERS OF METABOLISM
			Pancreatic Cancer
			Massage and Metabolic Cancers
	Chapter 24 Nutrient Balance Disorders
		MALNUTRITION
			Obesity
			Undernutrition
			Massage and Malnutrition
		VITAMIN AND MINERAL IMBALANCES
			Deficiencies
			Toxicity
			Massage and Vitamin and Mineral Imbalances
		FLUID-RELATED DISORDERS
			Dehydration
			Hyponatremia
			Massage and Fluid-Related Disorders
	Chapter 25 Reproductive Disorders
		FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS
			Menstrual Disorders
			Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
			Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
			Endometriosis
			Cancers of the Female Reproductive System
			Massage and Female Reproductive Disorders
		MALE REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS
			Prostate Disorders
			Testicular Disorders
			Cancers of the Male Reproductive System
			Massage and Male Reproductive Disorders
			Massage and Sexual Arousal Disorders
		SEXUAL AROUSAL DISORDERS
Unit 7 
Cognitive, Emotional, and Special Sensory Disorders
	Chapter 26 The Brain, Behavior, and Sensation: Structure and Function
		THE BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
			Structures of the Brain
			Neurotransmitters
		BEHAVIOR
			Brain Stem
			Fluids and the Brain
			Emotions
			Mood
		SPECIAL SENSES
			Sight
			Hearing
			Smell and Taste
			Touch
		THE GENERAL SENSES
			Proprioception
			Vestibular Function
		ASSESSMENT OF COGNITIVE, EMOTIONAL, AND SENSORY HEALTH
	Chapter 27 Special Sensory Disorders
		VISION DISORDERS
			Refractive Vision Disorders
			Glaucoma
			Retina Disorders
			Eye Infections
			Massage and Vision Disorders
			Hearing Loss
		HEARING DISORDERS
			Tinnitus
			Massage and Hearing Disorders
		DISORDERS OF SMELL AND TASTE
			Massage and Disorders of Smell and Taste
		GENERAL SENSORY DISORDERS
			Vestibular Function Disorders
			Sensory Integration Dysfunction
			Massage and Disorders of Touch and Sensation
		CANCER AND THE SENSES
	Chapter 28 Cognitive and Emotional Disorders
		NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERS
			Dementia
			Traumatic Brain Injury
			Schizophrenia
			Massage and Neurocognitive Disorders
		AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
			Depression
			Bipolar Disorder
			Massage and Affective Disorders
		ANXIETY-RELATED DISORDERS
			Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
			Massage and Anxiety-Related Disorders
		EATING DISORDERS
			Anorexia Nervosa
			Bulimia Nervosa
			Binge Eating
			Massage and Eating Disorders
		CANCERS AFFECTING EMOTION/COGNITION
	Chapter 29 Somatic Symptom Disorders
		SOMATIZATION DISORDERS
			Fibromyalgia
			Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
			Massage and Somatization Disorders
		MEDICALLY UNEXPLAINED SYMPTOMS
			Insomnia
			Chronic Idiopathic Pain
			Massage and Medically Unexplained Symptoms
Unit 8 
Connective Tissue and Integumentary Disorders
	Chapter 30 Connective Tissue and Integumentary Structure and Function
		SKIN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
			Epidermis
			Dermis
			Epithelium
			Subcutaneous Tissues
		HAIR AND NAILS
		SKIN AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE FUNCTIONS
		SKIN AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE ASSESSMENT
	Chapter 31 Connective Tissue and Contracture Disorders
		AUTOIMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
			Lupus Erythematosus
			Scleroderma
			Adhesive Capsulitis
			Massage and Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders
		CONTRACTURE DISORDERS
			Dupuytren’s Contracture
			Volkmann’s Contracture
			Massage and Contracture Disorders
		FASCIA WEAKENING DISORDERS
			Ganglion Cyst
			Hernia
			Inherited Fascial Syndromes
			Massage and Fascia Weakening Disorders
		SOFT TISSUE SARCOMA
	Chapter 32 Dermatologic Conditions
		INFECTIONS
			Bacterial Skin Infections
			Fungal Skin Infections
			Viral Skin Infections
			Parasitic Skin Infections
			Massage and Skin Infections
		TRAUMATIC INJURIES
			Burns
			Wounds
			Bruises
		INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISORDERS
			Dermatitis
			Massage and Traumatic Injuries
			Dermatosis
			Acne
			Massage and Inflammatory Skin Disorders
		PIGMENTATION DISORDERS
			Albinism
			Vitiligo
			Massage and Pigmentation Disorders
		NAIL DISORDERS
		SKIN CANCERS
Unit 9 
Developmental Disabilities and Birth Defects
	Chapter 33 Development: Structure and Function
		GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
			In Utero
			Pregnancy
			Birth
		DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES
	Chapter 34 Developmental Disabilities
		COGNITIVE DISABILITIES
			Intellectual Disability
			Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder
			Learning Disabilities
			Massage and Intellectual Disabilities
		AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS
			Massage and ASD
	Chapter 35 Birth Defects
		COGNITIVE BIRTH DEFECTS
			Down Syndrome
			Neural Tube Defects
			Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
			Massage and Cognitive Birth Defects
		STRUCTURAL BIRTH DEFECTS
			Dwarfism
			Growth Hormone Deficiency
			Congenital Limb Defects
			Congenital Heart Defects
			Sex Organ Malformation
			Massage and Structural Birth Defects
Unit 10 
Considering the Whole Person
	Chapter 36 Clinical Decision-Making
		PRE-MASSAGE EVALUATION
			Interviewing and Documentation
			Risk Factors
			Functional Assessment
		POSTMASSAGE ASSESSMENT
			Massage Precautions and Contraindications
			Designing Massage Treatment
	Chapter 37 Common Multi Morbidities
		MENTAL HEALTH COMORBIDITIES
		PHYSICAL COMORBIDITIES
		MASSAGE AND COMORBIDITIES
Appendix: Massage Research and Evidence-Based Practice
Glossary
Index of Disordersand Diseases
Index