Path to a Green World: The Political Economy of the Global Environment

Paths to a Green World - The Political Economy of The Global Environment......Page 1
Copyright Info......Page 5
Dedication......Page 6
TOC......Page 8
Illustrations......Page 10
Preface......Page 12
Acknowledgments......Page 16
Acronyms......Page 18
1 - Peril or Prosperity? Mapping Worldviews of Global Environmental Change......Page 26
Four Environmental Worldviews......Page 28
Market Liberals......Page 29
Institutionalists......Page 32
Bioenvironmentalists......Page 34
Social Greens......Page 36
Conclusion......Page 41
What Is Globalization?......Page 44
Global Positive......Page 51
Global Negative......Page 57
Conclusion......Page 65
3 - The Globalization of Environmentalism......Page 70
The Evolution of Global Discourse on Environment and Development......Page 71
Silent Spring and the 1960s and Early 1970s......Page 73
The Stockholm Conference and the 1970s......Page 79
The Brundtland Report and the 1980s......Page 83
The Earth Summit and the 1990s......Page 89
Johannesburg and Beyond......Page 92
States......Page 95
International Institutions/Regimes......Page 97
Nongovernmental Organizations and Activist Groups......Page 98
Corporations......Page 104
Conclusion......Page 106
Wealth and Poverty for Market Liberals and Institutionalists......Page 108
Human Development Index (HDI)......Page 111
Natural Resources and Sinks Need Not Be a Constraint......Page 114
Growth Brings a Cleaner Environment: The Environmental Kuznets Curve......Page 116
Slow Growth and Lack of Growth......Page 119
Market Distortions, Inefficiencies, and eak Institutions......Page 123
Problems with GDP/GNP as a Measure of Development......Page 125
Limited Natural Resources and Sinks......Page 127
Critique of the Environmental Kuznets Curve......Page 131
Poverty as a Scapegoat for Environmental Degradation......Page 132
Wealth and Overconsumption......Page 135
Conclusion......Page 140
5 - Global Trade and the Environment......Page 144
Globalization and Trade......Page 146
Trade’s Impact on the Environment: Three Schools of Thought Trade Is Ultimately Good for the Environment......Page 148
Trade Is Bad for the Environment......Page 152
Managed Trade Can Be Good for the Environment......Page 157
The WTO: Principles of Trade......Page 159
Article XX and Environment Disputes at the GATT/WTO......Page 162
Other WTO Agreements and the Environment......Page 168
The Committee on Trade and Environment and Potential MEA-Trade Conflict......Page 170
Reforming the WTO?......Page 173
Regional Trade Agreements—Opportunity for Greener Models?......Page 175
Conclusion......Page 178
6 - Global Investment and the Environment......Page 182
Globalization and Transnational Corporations......Page 183
Differential Standards: Pollution Havens, Industrial Flight, Double Standards?......Page 186
Differential Standards Are Inevitable......Page 187
Differential Standards Cause Environmental Harm......Page 190
Expanding the Debate......Page 193
TNCs and Site Practices......Page 194
Greener......Page 199
Greenwash......Page 202
TNCs and Global Governance for Investment and the Environment......Page 204
Conclusion......Page 212
7 - Global Financing and the Environment......Page 214
Scope and Trends in International Finance......Page 215
Multilateral Lending: The World Bank and the IMF......Page 221
Critique of Project Lending and the World Bank’s Response......Page 223
Structural Adjustment Lending and the Environment......Page 228
Multilateral Environmental Aid and the GEF......Page 232
Bilateral Finance: ODA and Export Credit Agencies Official Development Assistanc......Page 235
Export Credit Agencies......Page 237
Private Finance and the Environment......Page 239
Conclusion......Page 241
8 - Paths to a Green World? Four Visions for a Healthy Global Environment......Page 246
Market-Liberal Vision......Page 247
Institutionalist Vision......Page 252
Bioenvironmentalist Vision......Page 255
Social Green Vision......Page 259
Clashing Visions?......Page 263
Chapter 1......Page 270
Chapter 2......Page 273
Chapter 3......Page 276
Chapter 4......Page 280
Chapter 5......Page 283
Chapter 6......Page 287
Chapter 7......Page 291
Chapter 8......Page 294
References......Page 298
Index......Page 332