Patellofemoral Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment

Patellofemoral Disorders......Page 3
Contents......Page 9
Foreword......Page 19
Preface......Page 23
Contributors......Page 25
Acknowledgements......Page 27
PART I......Page 29
Patellofemoral pain: a tissue homeostasis perspective......Page 31
Chondromalacia......Page 32
Logical analysis......Page 33
Tissue homeostasis......Page 35
Knee as transmission......Page 38
Therapeutic implications of a tissue homeostasis approach to patellofemoral pain......Page 40
Patellofemoral surgery......Page 43
References......Page 45
PART II......Page 47
Patellofemoral articulation......Page 49
Lateral side......Page 52
Medial side......Page 53
References......Page 55
Suggested reading......Page 56
Osseous anatomy......Page 57
Cryosections and MRI......Page 59
References......Page 62
Suggested reading......Page 63
Geometry and contact areas of the patellofemoral joint......Page 65
Patellar kinematics......Page 68
Patellofemoral joint forces......Page 70
Patellofemoral joint stability......Page 74
Conclusions......Page 79
References......Page 80
Physiology of pain......Page 83
Anatomy of pain......Page 85
Pathophysiological mechanisms......Page 86
Clinical implications......Page 89
References......Page 94
Suggested reading......Page 97
Standing position......Page 99
Seated position......Page 101
Supine position......Page 103
References......Page 112
Suggested reading......Page 113
Origin and formation of the patellofemoral joint......Page 115
Analysis of the trochlea......Page 116
Analysis of the patella......Page 120
Position of the anterior tibial tuberosity and the trochlear groove......Page 124
Summary and present concepts......Page 125
References......Page 127
Examination techniques......Page 129
Clinical implications......Page 138
Suggested reading......Page 139
Magnetic resonance imaging......Page 141
Computed tomography......Page 146
Conclusion and summary......Page 157
References......Page 158
Suggested reading......Page 159
Nonpharmacological modalities......Page 161
Pharmacological treatment......Page 164
References......Page 166
Suggested reading......Page 168
Design and surgical considerations......Page 169
Contraindications......Page 171
Illustrative case reports......Page 172
References......Page 173
PART III CASE STUDIES......Page 175
Case Study 1 Unspecific patellofemoral pain......Page 177
Course of action......Page 178
Summary......Page 179
References......Page 180
Suggested reading......Page 181
Case Study 2 Specific patellofemoral pain......Page 183
Course of action......Page 184
Plan......Page 186
Suggested reading......Page 187
Case Study 3 Lateral patellar hypercompression, tilt and mild lateral subluxation......Page 189
Plan......Page 190
Postoperative care and rehabilitation......Page 191
References......Page 193
Suggested reading......Page 194
Case Study 4 Dynamic lateral patellar subluxation......Page 195
Course of action......Page 196
References......Page 197
Suggested reading......Page 198
Case Study 5 Lateral patellar subluxation with dynamic reposition......Page 199
Course of action......Page 200
Summary......Page 201
Suggested reading......Page 202
Case Study 6 Lateral patellar subluxation with dynamic impairment and normal trochlea......Page 203
Course of action......Page 204
Plan......Page 205
Summary......Page 206
References......Page 207
Case Study 7 Lateral patellar subluxation with dysplastic trochlea......Page 209
Course of action......Page 210
Plan......Page 211
References......Page 213
Suggested reading......Page 214
Case Study 8 Persistent lateral patellar subluxation with patella alta......Page 215
Course of action......Page 216
Plan......Page 217
Postperative care and rehabilitation......Page 218
References......Page 219
Case Study 9 Habitual patellar dislocation with severe dysplastic trochlea in adolescents......Page 221
Course of action......Page 222
Plan......Page 223
Postoperative care and rehabilitation......Page 225
Suggested reading......Page 226
Case Study 10 Severe lateral patellar subluxation......Page 227
Course of action......Page 228
Plan......Page 229
References......Page 230
Suggested reading......Page 231
Case Study 11 Chronic patellar dislocation in adults......Page 233
Course of action......Page 234
Plan......Page 235
Postoperative care and rehabilitation......Page 236
References......Page 237
Case Study 12 Patellar pain and instability due to abnormal skeletal torsion......Page 239
Course of action......Page 240
Plan......Page 241
Suggested reading......Page 245
Case Study 13 Acute patellar dislocation in children and adolescents......Page 247
Course of action......Page 248
Plan......Page 251
Summary......Page 252
Suggested reading......Page 253
Case Study 14 Acute patellar dislocation in adults......Page 255
Course of action......Page 256
Plan......Page 257
References......Page 258
Suggested reading......Page 259
Case Study 15 Local chondral damage of the trochlea......Page 261
Course of action......Page 262
Postoperative care and rehabilitation......Page 263
Suggested reading......Page 264
Case Study 16 Secondary medial patellar instability following lateral retinacular release......Page 265
Course of action......Page 266
Plan......Page 267
References......Page 268
Suggested reading......Page 269
Case Study 17 Secondary medial patellar instability following lateral retinacular release documented by gait analysis......Page 271
Course of action......Page 272
Results......Page 274
References......Page 276
Suggested reading......Page 277
Case Study 18 Secondary distal medial subluxation with osteoarthritis and persisting proximal lateral subluxation......Page 279
Course of action......Page 280
Postoperative care and rehabilitation......Page 281
Summary......Page 283
Suggested reading......Page 284
Case Study 19 Secondary medial osteoarthritis with medial subluxation of the patella......Page 285
Course of action......Page 286
Plan......Page 288
References......Page 291
Suggested reading......Page 292
Case Study 20 Lateral retinacular over-release......Page 293
Course of action......Page 294
Plan......Page 295
Suggested reading......Page 296
PART IV......Page 297
Physical Therapy......Page 299
Review of randomized controlled trials......Page 300
Rehabilitation protocols......Page 301
Therapeutic interventions......Page 303
Principles of training and rehabilitation......Page 310
References......Page 330
Suggested reading......Page 334
Glossary......Page 335
Bibliography......Page 345
Index......Page 367