Pastures: Dynamics, Economics and Management (Agriculture Issues and Policies)

PASTURES: DYNAMICS,  ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT......Page 2
PASTURES: DYNAMICS,  ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 8
ABSTRACT......Page 12
INTRODUCTION......Page 13
BARRIERS AGAINST NATURAL REGENERATION IN PASTURES......Page 14
1. Low Seed Availability......Page 16
2. Competition with Pasture Vegetation......Page 17
3. Stressful Microclimatic Conditions and Low Soil Fertility......Page 18
4. High Seed Predation......Page 19
OBJECTIVE......Page 20
Study Site......Page 21
Pasture Study Sites and Experimental Design......Page 22
Seed Rain......Page 24
Seedling Recruitment (1y)......Page 25
Seed Collection and Treatments......Page 26
Isolated Trees and Pasture Vegetation Effect......Page 28
Seed Rain, Seed Bank, Seedlings (1y), and Saplings (2y)......Page 29
Microclimate......Page 30
Grass Biomass......Page 32
Seedling Density......Page 33
Plant Growth Forms and Composition......Page 34
Seed Rain......Page 36
Adjacent Forest Fragments......Page 40
Comparison between Regenerative Communities......Page 41
ES Species......Page 43
LS Species......Page 45
Isolated Trees and Pasture Vegetation Effect......Page 46
Seed Rain, Seed Bank, Seedlings (1y), and Saplings (2y)......Page 47
Seed Predation......Page 49
CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 51
REFERENCES......Page 52
ABSTRACT......Page 62
INTRODUCTION......Page 63
THE CHANGING OF ORIGINAL AND PHASIC COMMUNITIES  IN THE STEPPE ZONE......Page 65
SPECIES AND NATURAL PASTURES PRODUCTIVITY  IN FOREST - STEPPE ZONE......Page 74
DYNAMICS OF PASTURE ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITIES  AS RELATED TO CLIMATIC CHANGES......Page 82
THE FORMATION OF CULTIVATED PASTURES ON LOW-YIELD ARABLE LAND......Page 88
CONCLUSION......Page 91
REFERENCES......Page 92
ABSTRACT......Page 96
INTRODUCTION......Page 97
NATIVE GRASSLANDS......Page 98
General Pasture Characteristics......Page 101
Management Options for Introduced Pastures......Page 102
Possibilities for Pasture Systems......Page 107
CONCLUSION......Page 112
REFERENCES......Page 113
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 120
2. SOIL SALINISATION IN THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN WHEATBELT......Page 121
3.1. Use of Saline Land......Page 124
3.2.2. Manipulation of Annual-based Systems......Page 125
3.2.3. Employment of Perennial Plants to Increase Water Use......Page 126
4.1.1. Persistence......Page 127
4.1.3. High Biomass Production......Page 128
4.1.5. High Nitrogen Fixation......Page 129
4.2.4. Requires Intensive Management......Page 130
5. CONCLUSION......Page 131
REFERENCES......Page 132
ABSTRACT......Page 142
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 143
2. PORTUGUESE NATIVE HORSE BREEDS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS......Page 144
3.1. Types of Pasture Production Systems......Page 145
3.2. Horse Pasture Management in Extensive Systems......Page 149
4.1. Natural Rainfed Pasture Based Extensive System......Page 151
4.2. Sowed Rainfed and Irrigated Mixed System......Page 155
5. EXTENSIVE GRAZING SYSTEMS AND SUSTAINABILITY......Page 156
6. THE FUTURE OF EXTENSIVE GRAZING SYSTEMS......Page 157
REFERENCES......Page 158
ABSTRACT......Page 162
Study Area......Page 163
The Agdal Practice and the Community Management of the Pastoral Area......Page 166
The Observations Campaign of the Year 2005......Page 167
Very Wet Facies and Pozzine......Page 169
Wet Facies......Page 171
Fairly Wet Facies......Page 172
Dry Facies......Page 173
The Phenology as an Indicator to the Agdal Opening......Page 174
CONCLUSION......Page 175
REFERENCES......Page 176
INDEX......Page 180