Party Systems and Voter Alignments Revisited (Routledge Advances in International Relations and Politics)

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Figures......Page 8
Tables......Page 9
Contributors......Page 12
Preface......Page 13
Introduction......Page 16
1 Cleavages, parties and democracy......Page 17
Cleavages......Page 19
New cleavages......Page 21
Theoretical and analytical developments......Page 24
The distinctiveness of the post-war era......Page 25
The institutionalization of political sociology......Page 27
Party Systems and Voter Alignments as a breakthrough of new ideas......Page 28
The A-G-I-L scheme......Page 29
The new emphasis on both structure and institutions......Page 30
The A-G-I-L cleavage scheme as a gateway to Stein Rokkan’s studies of historical macro changes......Page 31
The integration theory bias......Page 32
The bias in the time perspective......Page 33
The nation-state bias......Page 34
The neglect of agency......Page 35
Is there a new coming of political sociology?......Page 37
Introduction......Page 39
Testing the hypothesis: cleavage change......Page 40
Testing the hypothesis: electoral and partisan stability......Page 43
How relevant is the freezing “hypothesis”?......Page 45
Freezing and institutionalization......Page 47
Institutionalization and prediction......Page 50
Specifying the freezing process......Page 52
Conclusion......Page 55
Acknowledgements......Page 56
Introduction......Page 57
The growth of data services......Page 58
Patterns in party research during a quarter century......Page 61
Ecological studies......Page 68
Comparability......Page 69
Information overflow?......Page 71
Notes......Page 72
Appendices......Page 73
Revisited themes......Page 75
5 Are cleavages frozen in the English-speaking democracies?......Page 76
Frozen cleavages in the English-speaking democracies?......Page 77
Two-party/left-right politics......Page 81
Stability and volatility......Page 85
Class voting......Page 88
Other frozen cleavages?......Page 93
Conclusions......Page 101
Notes......Page 102
6 Class, religion, party......Page 105
Metamorphosis of the society......Page 106
Crosscutting cleavages in pluralist democracies......Page 108
A fallacious model: social class on a pedestal......Page 110
Decline of the class vote......Page 112
Decline of the religious vote......Page 116
Decline in the role of the parties......Page 119
Status inconsistency and the new cleavages......Page 121
Conclusion......Page 123
Notes......Page 125
An update of Finland’s party news since 1962......Page 126
The broadening social base of political parties......Page 135
The shrinking red/white cleavage......Page 140
New political cleavages......Page 143
The relevance of political parties......Page 148
Persisting identities......Page 150
Introduction......Page 152
The current situation of the Japanese party system......Page 153
Skipping the stage of mass and class parties......Page 155
Weak and sporadic support for political parties......Page 158
Traditional values, modern values and post-materialist values......Page 159
Declining turnout but greater trust in institutions......Page 161
Conclusion......Page 163
The future that was not, or was it?......Page 165
Types of elections: founding, critical and realigning......Page 167
The first period: founding elections and the making of a party system......Page 168
The second period: critical elections and the remaking of the party system......Page 171
The third period: realigning elections and new patterns of competition......Page 176
Reduced electoral volatility......Page 179
Low party fragmentation......Page 180
Closed competition for the government......Page 181
Ideological moderation......Page 184
Changes in party systems: formats and layers......Page 186
Party identification and social partisanship......Page 192
The structure of cleavages: class and religion......Page 193
Trends in vote anchoring......Page 198
Communities, parties, and the regional cleavage......Page 199
Attitudes toward the state and national identities......Page 207
Parties and violence in the Basque Country......Page 211
Conclusions......Page 214
Notes......Page 216
Glossary of Spanish Parties and Coalitions......Page 217
New perspectives and areas......Page 219
Introduction......Page 220
Cleavage structures in the consociational democracies......Page 221
Modernization and segmentation......Page 222
Pillarization as a response or response to pillarization?......Page 224
Freezing pillars......Page 226
From consociational to cartel democracy: thirty years after......Page 228
Conclusion......Page 235
Instant Rokkan......Page 237
Time-specific Europe, time-less Rokkan, or vice versa?......Page 240
Post-Rokkan: adding insult to injury......Page 241
Reversed Rokkan......Page 243
Collective, selective and postponed memory......Page 245
Apocalypse once, apocalypse twice......Page 247
From post-communism to neo-communism?......Page 248
The economy......Page 251
Center and periphery......Page 252
Conclusion......Page 255
Notes......Page 257
Examining the question......Page 259
Putting the question in a Third World context......Page 263
Cleavages and party formation......Page 264
What kind of parties?......Page 268
Party system persistence......Page 272
Sequence of development......Page 274
Lack of system autonomy......Page 276
Conclusion......Page 278
Acknowledgement......Page 280
13 Party systems and voter alignments in small island states......Page 281
The smallness factor......Page 284
The geographical factor......Page 287
The colonial factor......Page 290
The customs and tradition factor......Page 294
Conclusion......Page 298
The small island states, some regime characteristics.......Page 301
Bibliography......Page 304
Index......Page 325