Parasitology: An Integrated Approach

Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Preface
About the Companion Website
1 Animal Associations and the Importance of Parasites
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Animal Associations
	1.3 Parasite Hosts
	1.4 Zoonotic Infections
	1.5 The Co‐evolution of Parasites and Their Hosts
	1.6 Parasitism as a ‘Lifestyle’: Advantages and Limitations
	1.7 The Economic Cost of Parasitic Diseases
	1.8 Why Parasitic Diseases Remain a Problem
2 Taxonomy
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Viruses: A Special (Unresolved) Case
	2.3 Taxonomic Hierarchy
	2.4 Kingdom Protista
	2.5 Kingdom Animalia
3 Parasitic Protozoa Part A: Phyla Rhizopoda, Metamonada, Apicomplexa
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Phylum Rhizopoda
	3.3 Phylum Metamonada
	3.4 Phylum Apicomplexa
	3.5 Subclass Coccidiasina
4 Parasitic Protozoa Part B: Phylum Kinetoplastida; Parasitic Algae and Fungi
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Phylum Kinetoplastida
	4.3 Phylum Chlorophyta
	4.4 Kingdom Fungi
5 Platyhelminth and Acanthocephalan Parasites
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Phylum Platyhelminthes
	5.3 Class Cestoda
	5.4 Phylum Acanthocephala
6 Nematode Parasites
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Class Enoplea
	6.3 Class Rhabdita
7 Arthropod Parasites
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Phylum Chelicerata
	7.3 Phylum Crustacea
	7.4 Subphylum Hexapoda
8 Parasite Transmission
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Contaminative Transmission
	8.3 Transmission Associated with Reproduction
	8.4 Autoinfection
	8.5 Nosocomial Transmission
	8.6 Active Parasite Transmission
	8.7 Hosts and Vectors
	8.8 Host Factors
	8.9 Co‐Transmission and Interactions Between Pathogens
	8.10 Environmental Factors
9 Immune Reactions to Parasitic Infections
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Invertebrate Immunity
	9.3 Vertebrate Immunity
	9.4 Innate Immunity to Parasites
	9.5 Adaptive Immune Reactions to Parasites
	9.6 Microbiomes and Host Immune Reactions to Parasites
	9.7 Avoiding the Host Immune Response
	9.8 Immunity to Malaria
	9.9 Schistosoma spp. and Hepatitis C Virus Interactions
	9.10 HIV‐AIDS and Parasitic Infections
10 Pathology Part A
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Factors Influencing Pathogenesis
	10.3 Mechanisms By Which Parasites Cause Pathology
	10.4 Types of Pathology
11 Pathology Part B
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Damage to Specific Organs
	11.3 Co‐Infections and Pathogenesis
12 The Useful Parasite
	12.1 Introduction: The Goodness of Parasites?
	12.2 The Importance of Parasites for the Maintenance of a Healthy Immune System
	12.3 The Use of Parasites to Treat Medical Conditions
	12.4 Parasites as Sources of Novel Pharmaceutically Active Substances
	12.5 Parasites as Biological Control Agents
	12.6 Parasites as Forensic Indicators
13 The Identification of Protozoan and Helminth Parasites
	13.1 Laboratory Testing for Parasitic Infections: Introduction
	13.2 Importance of Correct Identification
	13.3 Properties of an Ideal Diagnostic Test
	13.4 Isolation of Parasites
	13.5 Identification from Gross Morphology
	13.6 Biochemical Techniques for Identification
	13.7 Immunological Techniques for Identification
	13.8 Molecular Techniques for Identification
	13.9 Diagnostic Testing of Parasitic Infections Outside the Laboratory: Introduction
14 Parasite Treatment
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 The Ideal Antiparasitic Drug
	14.3 Pharmaceutical Drugs
	14.4 DNA/RNA Technology
	14.5 Molecular Chaperones (Heat Shock Proteins)
	14.6 Nanotechnology
	14.7 Quantum Dots
	14.8 Natural Remedies
	14.9 Homeopathy
15 Parasite Vaccines
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 The Design and Use of Vaccines
	15.3 Herd Immunity
	15.4 Factors Limiting the Production of Commercial Antiparasitic Vaccines
	15.5 Properties of an Ideal Vaccine
	15.6 Types of Vaccine
	15.7 Identification of Antigens for Use in Anti‐parasite Vaccines
	15.8 Vaccine Delivery
	15.9 Vaccines Against Malaria
	15.10 Nanobodies (Single Domain Antibodies)
	15.11 Problems with Vaccination Strategies
16 Parasite Control
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Eradication, Elimination, and Control
	16.3 Education
	16.4 Environmental Modification and Cultural Control
	16.5 Remote Sensing and GIS Technology
	16.6 Whether to Treat the Individual or the Population
	16.7 Piggy‐Backing Control Programmes
	16.8 Disruptions to Control Programmes
	16.9 Role of Governments, Foundations, and Aid Organisations
References
Index
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