Pali: A Grammar of the Language of the Theravada Tipitaka

Perface
Foreword
Contents
1. Introduction
     § 1. Pali and the Indo-Aryan languages
          Pali and Asokan Prakrit
          The proto-canonical language of Buddhism
          The Mahavihara tradition
          Pali and (Vedic) Sanskrit
          Pali-/Vedic-isoglosses
     § 2. The orthography of the Pali texts
2. Phonology
     2.1. Vowel quantity, word finals and word rhythm
          § 3. The \'law of mora\'
          § 4. Word-finals and word rhythm
     2.2. The vowels
          § 5. The vowel a
          § 6. The vowel a
          § 7. The vowel i
          § 8. The vowel f
          § 9. The vowel u
          § 10. The vowel u
          § 11. The vowel e
          § 12. The vowel o
     2.3. The consonants
          § 13. The consonant system
          § 14. Consonantal sound change
               § 14.1. Aspiration of word-initial k, t,p and b
               § 14.2. Voicing of intervocalic tenues
               § 14.3. Loss of intervocalic mediae
               § 14.4. Replacement of original mediae by tenues
               § 14.5. Cerebralisation of t(h) after r and
               § 14.6. Cerebralisation of the initial of dams and  dah
               § 14.7. Cerebralisation of n after u, o v and a palatal
               § 14.8. (a) Dissimilation and (b) assimilation of y into v
               § 14.9. Gemination of y after i and e
               § 14.10. r and /
               § 14.11. kho < khalu
               § 14.12. y~l,y~r
               § 14.13. Simplification of geminate consonants
               § 14.14. (a) Assimilation and (b) dissmilation of consonants
               § 14.15. Unetymological aspiration in medial syllables
                    Rem. Development of an (OIA) aspirate into -h-
          § 15. Development of OIA word-initial consonants
               § 15.1. Word-initial consonants
               § 15.2. Development of the initial of stha
               § 15.3. Development of #sm-
               § 15.4. Development of #s(v)-, #s-, #ks- and #sk-
          § 16. Assimilation of clusters of two (OIA) consonants
               § 16.1. Types of (Pali) consonant clusters
                    Rem. -ch- < -cch-
               § 16.2. Aspiration of consonant clusters by a sibilant
               § 16.3. nn< nc / jn 
                    Rem. tippa- < tivra-
               § 16.5. Cerebralisation of a dental by a preceding r
               § 16.6. Development of-tm~, -dm- and -sm-
               § 16.7. \'Irregular\' assimilation in colloquial words
               § 16.8. Multiple development to differentiate meaning
               § 16.9. Change of the mode of articulation
                    Rem. Non-assimilation of consonant clusters
          § 17. Assimilation of clusters of three (OIA) consonants
          § 18. Peculiar assimilation of (OIA) consonant clusters
               § 18.1. -cch- < -ts(y)- / -ps(y)-
               § 18.2. -kkh- /  -cch- < -ks-
               § 18.3. Development of clusters of h and nasals or y/v
               18.4. Development of clusters of sibilants and nasals
               § 18.5. Insertion of -t- and -b-
               § 18.6. Development of a cluster of v and an occlusive
               § 18.7. Simplification of (Pali) -ss-
          § 19. Deaspiration of (Pali) CCh-clusters
          § 20. Assimilation of clusters at the boundary of compounds
          § 21. Assimilation and splitting-up of consonant clusters
          § 22. Irregular sound changes
               § 22.1. Haplology
               § 22.2. Syncope
               § 22.3. Metathesis
     2.4. Sandhi
          § 23. Vocalic sandhi
          § 24. Consonantal sandhi
          § 25. Bridging of hiatus
          § 26. Lengthening of -am before an enclitic
          § 27. Dropping of initial vowels (in sandhi)
3. Morphology
     3.1. The noun
          § 28. Introduction
               § 28.1. (Loss of) the dual
               § 28.2. Transfer of stems
               § 28.3. The case system
               § 28.4. The suffix -to
               § 28.5. Merging of instr. and abl pi
               § 28.6. Case syncretism
               § 28.7. Haplology of endings
          § 29. Paradigms
          § 30. a-inflexion
               § 30.1. Nom. sg. masc. in -o / -e
               § 30.2. Instr. sg. in -a / -asa
               § 30.3. (Alleged) dat. sg. in -a
               § 30.4. Abl. sg. in -ato / -ahi / -am
               § 30.5. Voc. sg. in -a / -am I -e
               § 30.6. Nom. (/ ace.) pl. masc. in -aso / -ase (/ -ani)
               § 30.7. Ace. pl. masc. in -e
               § 30.8. Instr. / abl. pl. in -ehi / -ebhi / -e
               § 30.9. Gen. pl. in -ana(m)
               § 30.10. Nom. sg. / pl. ntr. in -e / ~a
          § 31. a-inflexion
               § 31.1. Instr. in -aya /-a
               § 31.2. Abl. in -ato
               § 31.3. Loc. sg. in -aye
               § 31.4. Nom. / ace. / voc. pl. in -ayo
          § 32. i/u-inflexion
               § 32.1. Historical and analogical case-forms
               §32.2. Nom. / voc. sg.in -i / -u
               § 32.3. Voc. sg. in -e I/ -o
               § 32.4. n-endings
               § 32.5. Confusion of nom. and ace. pl
               § 32.6. Nom. / ace. pl. in Ayo and -uyo
               § 32.7. Instr. and loc. pl. in -ihi, -isu, ~uhi, -usu
               § 32.8. Instr. pl. in -ibhi
               § 32.9. Plural forms with short stem vowel
               § 32.10. Voc. bhikkhave ~ bhikkhavo
                    Rem. Forms due to confusion of gender
          § 33. Inflexion of sakhi- \'friend\'
          § 34. i(n)- / mi(n)-/ vi(n)-inflexion
          § 35. Inflexion of nomina verbalia in °u-
          § 36. i/u-inflexion
               § 36.1. The paradigm
               § 36.2. Historical forms
               § 36.3. Oblique sg. in -iya and -uya
               § 36.4. Abl. in -to
               § 36.5. Loc. sg. in -o
               § 36.6. Nom. / acc. pl. in -iyo
               § 36.7. Oblique pl. in -i-
               § 36.8. Nom. pi. najjayo
                    Rern. Inflexion of itthi-, siri- and hiri-
          § 37. Inflexion of diphthong-stems
               § 37.1. Inflexion of go- and div-
               § 37.2. Inflexion of gava-
               § 37.3. Inflexion of gona-
                    Rem. The ace. gavum
          § 38. Inflexion of root-nouns and consonantal stems
               § 38,1. Root nouns and consonantal stems without ablaut
               § 38.2. Transfer of °as- into a-stems (e.g. comparatives)
          § 39. n-inflexion
          § 40. a(r) - inflexion
          § 41. ma(nt) - / va(nt)- / -a(nt)-inflexion
     3.2. The pronouns
          § 42.1 Inflexion of the personal pronoun: 1st and 2nd person
          § 42.2. Inflexion of the ta(d)-
          § 42.3. Inflexion of eta(d),ya(d)~ and (e)na(d)-
          § 42.4. Inflexion of ki(m)-
          § 42.5. Inflexion of ida(m)-
          § 42.6. Inflexion of amu-
          § 42.7. Inflexion of pronominal adjectives
     3.3. The numerals
          § 43.1. The cardinals
          § 43-2. The ordinals
          § 43.3. Numeral derivatives
     3.4. The verb
          § 44. The verb system
               § 44.1. atthi
               § 44.2. bhavati / hoti
               § 44.3. karoti
               § 44.4. dadati / dahati
               § 44.5. titthati
          § 45. \'Root\'- and e-present
          § 46. The verbal endings
               § 46.1. The indicative present and the future
               § 46.2. The imperative
               § 46.3. The optative
               § 46.4. The preterite
          § 47. The optative
          § 48. The preterite
               § 48.1. The root-aorist
               § 48.2. The thematic (asigmatic) aorist
               § 48.3. The s(is)-aonst
               § 48.4. The w-aorist
               § 48.5. The reduplicated aorist
               § 48.6. The augment
               § 48.7. The e-preterite
          § 49. The future
               Rem. (a) The futures (°)hanch- and ganch-
               Rem. (b) The periphrastic future
          § 50. The conditional
          § 51. The denominative
          § 52. The causative
          § 53. The passive
     3.5. The verbum infinitum
          § 54. The present / future participle
               Rem. The use of the pres. part, as conditional
          § 55. The gerundive
          § 56. The verbal adjective
          § 57. The infinitive
          § 58. The absolutive
4. Literature
5. Abbreviations and sigla
6. Indices and concordances
     6.1. Index rerum
     6.2. Index verborum
     6.3. Index locorum
     6.4. Concordance to GEIGER\'s and VON HlNUBER\'s grammars.
     6.5. Concordance to PISCHEL\'s grammar