Paleopalynology (Second Edition)

back-matter.pdf......Page 0
Definition of the Subject......Page 16
Acritarchs......Page 19
Chitinozoans......Page 23
Microscopic Algae and Algal Parts......Page 24
Embryophyte Spores......Page 25
Chitinous Fungal Spores and Other Fungal Bodies......Page 26
Megaspores......Page 27
Palynodebris......Page 28
Varia......Page 29
Historical Matters......Page 31
Textbooks, Review Articles and Other General Works......Page 40
Catalogs, Keys, etc.......Page 47
Bibliographies, Databases, Websites, Software......Page 52
Journals......Page 55
Societies (USA, Canada, UK)......Page 56
Geochronology......Page 59
Biostratigraphy......Page 61
Paleoecology......Page 62
Ubiquity of Palynomorphs......Page 64
Abundance and Durability of Palynomorphs......Page 65
Disadvantages and Limitations......Page 66
Introduction......Page 69
Chitin......Page 71
Sporopollenin......Page 72
Palynomorphs in Petroleum......Page 84
General Occurrence of Palynomorphs in Time......Page 85
Bryophyte Life Cycles......Page 91
Isosporous Pteridophytes......Page 94
Gymnosperms......Page 95
Angiosperms......Page 96
Spores, Pollen, ``Miospores,'' and Other Terminological Troubles......Page 98
Spores/Pollen Morphology......Page 100
Morphological Types......Page 102
Spores......Page 116
Saccate Pollen. A Special Problem......Page 117
Spores......Page 118
Pollen......Page 126
Colpus......Page 131
-Colpate vs. -Colporate vs. -Colporoidate......Page 133
Pore......Page 134
Triporate (P03) and Stephanoporate (P0n) vs. Periporate (P0x)......Page 135
Polar Area......Page 136
Trichotomosulcate (loosely, ``Trichotomocolpate'') (Pac)......Page 137
Laesura......Page 138
Saccate Pollen......Page 139
``Zono-''......Page 140
Exine Surface and Subsurface: Sculpture and Structure......Page 141
Sculpture: LO Analysis and Edge Analysis......Page 142
Structure......Page 144
Additional Notes on Sculpture/Structure......Page 150
Additional Notes On Spores/Pollen Wall Morphology......Page 152
Spore Orientation and Polarity......Page 158
Pollen Orientation......Page 160
Orientation in Illustrations of Spores and Pollen......Page 162
Microscopic Methods and Sporomorph Morphology......Page 165
General Discussion......Page 202
``Non-Spore'' Palynology......Page 206
Introduction......Page 240
Potonié's Turmal System and Modifications of It......Page 244
``Turmal'' Classification of Paleophytic (Silurian to About Mid-Permian) Spores and Pollen......Page 246
Paleobotanical Matters Regarding the Late ``Paleophytic''......Page 255
``Paleophytic'' Spores/Pollen: The Plants Which Produced Them......Page 256
Paleoecology of Late Paleozoic Spores......Page 275
Comments on Trends in the ``Paleophytic'' and the ``Paleophytic''/ ``Mesophytic'' Boundary......Page 277
Morphological Comment Regarding Carboniferous/Permian Pseudosaccate and Saccate Spores/Pollen and Related Matters......Page 280
About ``Protosaccate'' and ``Eusaccate''......Page 282
Late Carboniferous-Permian Megaspores......Page 283
Carboniferous-Permian Acritarchs......Page 284
Introduction......Page 285
Striates and Bisaccates, Permo-Triassic Hallmarks......Page 287
Other Spore/Pollen Types of Permo-Triassic......Page 289
Terminal Permian ``Fungal Spike'' (?) and Related Matters......Page 294
Introduction......Page 298
The Chinle Formation and Dockum Group of the American Southwest......Page 300
The Subsurface Eagle Mills Formation of Northwest Texas......Page 303
The Newark Supergroup of Eastern North America......Page 304
Circumpolloid Pollen......Page 310
Circumpolloid Systematics......Page 316
Colpate (Sulcate) Forms in The Triassic/Jurassic......Page 318
Major Known Botanical Relationships of ``Mesophytic'' (Late Permian-Early Cretaceous) Dispersed Spores/Pollen Genera......Page 321
Megaspores......Page 333
Dinoflagellates......Page 335
Introduction......Page 354
Origin of the Angiospermae......Page 357
Normapolles Pollen......Page 368
Late Cretaceous Angiosperm Pollen and Wodehouseia and Aquilapollenites......Page 374
Cretaceous Palynofloral Provinces......Page 376
Cretaceous Megaspores......Page 381
Dinoflagellates and Acritarchs of Jurassic-Cretaceous......Page 383
Terminal Cretaceous Event (``TCE'')......Page 385
Introduction......Page 434
Palynologically Significant Stratigraphic Boundaries in the ``Ultimogene''......Page 441
General Remarks......Page 443
General Vegetational Trends Represented By Palynofloras In ``Ultimogene'' Time......Page 444
The Pliocene Record......Page 449
General Remarks......Page 450
Palynology of Glacial-Interglacial Cycles......Page 454
Glacials vs. Interglacials and Water Budgets: ``Pluvials''?......Page 455
Palynological Information On Late Pleistocene Chronology and Vegetational History......Page 464
Introduction......Page 469
Holocene Palynological Methods......Page 471
Presentation of ``Pollen Analysis'' Data......Page 476
Holocene Chronology......Page 478
North America......Page 484
Applications of Holocene Palynology......Page 490
``Theory of Pollen Analysis''......Page 499
Introduction......Page 502
Production of Spores/Pollen......Page 503
Preservability in Sediment and the Taphonomy of Palynomorphs......Page 504
``Pollen Rain''......Page 507
Spores/Pollen/Other Palynomorphs in Water......Page 515
Vegetational Analysis From Pollen Analytical Results, ``R Values,'' Etc.......Page 518
Pollen Per Gram, Pollen Influx, Etc.......Page 523
Sedimentation of Spores/Pollen and Other Palynomorphs......Page 529
The Hoffmeister Patent Statement......Page 530
Muller's Orinoco Delta Work......Page 532
Palynomorph Sedimentation in the Bahamas: a Non-Clastic Model......Page 537
Further Contributions to Spore/Pollen Sedimentation......Page 543
Introduction: Palynofacies and Related Matters......Page 548
Sorting of Spores/Pollen per Sediment Type......Page 550
Biological ``Sorting:'' Marine Palynomorphs......Page 559
Classifications of Organic Particles in Sediment......Page 560
Nature and Applications of Their Study......Page 568
Methods of Study and Presentation of Data......Page 569
Examples of Applications to Geological Problems......Page 570
Amounts of Palynomorphs in Sediments......Page 574
Reworking, Recycling, ``Stratigraphic Leak'' and Other Instances of Discordant Palynomorphs......Page 578
Preservation Discordance......Page 583
Stratigraphic or Ecological Discordance......Page 584
Post-depositional Alteration of Palynomorphs: Thermal Maturation (=``Carbonization'')......Page 585
``Marginal Palynology''......Page 594
Palynostratigraphy=the Use of Palynology for Stratigraphy......Page 595
Data Management in Palynostratigraphy......Page 602
Multivariate Techniques......Page 606
Relational methods......Page 607
Computer-based Programs for Palynostratigraphy and Other Paleopalynological Projects......Page 608
Paleopalynological Systematics: Nomenclature......Page 609
Palynological Laboratory Techniques......Page 618
General Introduction......Page 619
Introduction......Page 620
Preparation of Spores/Pollen for Microscopic Study......Page 622
General Instruction......Page 635
Maceration and Slide Preparation......Page 642
Field Methods......Page 652
Manipulation of Spores/Pollen......Page 655
Location of Palynomorphs, Photomicrography, and Related Matters......Page 661
Counting: How and How Many?......Page 668
Glossary......Page 671
General Bibliography......Page 707
Index......Page 775