Oxford History of Modern Europe

0192853716......Page 1
TITLE PAGE......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 6
LIST OF PLATES......Page 8
LIST OF MAPS......Page 10
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS......Page 11
Introduction......Page 12
The Myth of Revolution......Page 26
The First Act, 1789-1815......Page 30
New Landmarks, New Rules......Page 32
Europe after the First Revolutionary Age......Page 35
The Conservative Success, 1815-1848......Page 37
The Great Age of Revolutionary Wars......Page 43
The Great Peace, 1871-1914......Page 47
Revolution and the Approach to Disaster......Page 49
A Revolutionary War......Page 51
The Three Waves of Industrialization......Page 57
Industrialization as Evolution......Page 62
Industrialization as Great Spurt......Page 63
The Strength of the Old Economic Order......Page 65
Industrialization as a Regional Experience......Page 68
The Institutions of Development from Backwardness......Page 70
The Investment Bank and Medium Backwardness......Page 74
The State and Severe Backwardness......Page 81
Industrialization and War......Page 87
Economics and War......Page 88
Technology and the Arms Race......Page 90
The Military Theorists......Page 93
The Impact of the Railway......Page 97
The Rise of the General Staff......Page 99
Siege Warfare......Page 100
The Professionalization of Warfare......Page 104
The Challenge to the Battleship......Page 107
The Origins of Change......Page 108
The Rise of the Mass Army......Page 110
4. From Orders to Classes: European Society in the Nineteenth Century -- PAMELA PILBEAM......Page 112
The Numbers Game......Page 113
The Lure of New Worlds......Page 116
Social Effects of Industrial Growth......Page 117
The Myth of Orders -- and Classes......Page 118
The Consequences of Class: A Stalled Society?......Page 122
Class Consciousness -- Class Conflict......Page 127
Class Organization......Page 129
The Family under Threat?......Page 131
Elected Assemblies and the Biggest Myth......Page 133
The End of the Old Regime......Page 137
The Romantic Revolution......Page 139
Commercialization and Alienation......Page 142
Sacralization......Page 146
Wealth and Status......Page 149
Nationalism......Page 156
Realism......Page 160
Fin De Siecle......Page 162
6. The Great Civil War: European Politics, 1914-1945 -- PAUL PRESTON......Page 164
The First World War......Page 165
War and Revolution......Page 169
A Flawed Peace......Page 172
The Failure of the Left......Page 174
Italian Fascism......Page 176
The Fall of the Weimar Republic......Page 186
The Popular Front......Page 189
The Rome-Berlin Axis......Page 193
The Spanish Civil War......Page 194
The End of the Popular Front......Page 198
The Second World War......Page 200
7. The Fall and Rise of the European Economy in the Twentieth Century -- HAROLD JAMES......Page 205
Europe and the Global Economy......Page 206
Short-lived Prosperity......Page 207
The Great Depression......Page 208
Responses to the Depression......Page 210
Keynesianism......Page 212
The Collapse of Economic Internationalism......Page 213
The Second World War......Page 214
Bretton Woods......Page 215
European Recovery......Page 216
The Baby Boom......Page 219
International Capital Movements......Page 220
New Technology......Page 221
Mass Consumption of Goods and Services......Page 222
Trade Liberalization......Page 223
Governments and Growth......Page 224
The End of the Post-War Miracle?......Page 226
Closer European Co-operation......Page 228
Deindustrialization......Page 229
Solutions to the European Malaise......Page 231
The League of Nations and Disarmament......Page 233
Preparing for Total War......Page 235
Rearmament......Page 238
The Onset of War......Page 241
Total War......Page 243
The Nuclear Age......Page 246
Return to Conventional Warfare......Page 249
Introduction......Page 253
Population......Page 257
Labour......Page 259
Incomes and Living Standards......Page 261
Town and Country......Page 264
Travel and Leisure......Page 266
State and Society......Page 269
Education......Page 271
Communications......Page 272
God and Science......Page 274
Conclusion......Page 276
10. From Modernism to Post-modernism -- MARTIN JAY......Page 279
The Modernist Apotheosis of Purified Form......Page 283
The Crisis of High Modernism......Page 288
Post-modernism and the Virtues of Pollution......Page 291
Feminism, Multiculturalism, and Post-modern Inclusivity......Page 297
Europe between the Superpowers......Page 301
America's Europe......Page 306
The Soviet Bloc......Page 311
Coexistence and Stagnation, 1968-1981......Page 313
From the 'New Cold War' to the End of the Soviet Empire, 1981-1989......Page 318
'The Rebirth of History'......Page 321
1. Revolutions from Above and Below: European Politics from the French Revolution to the First World War......Page 326
2. The Industrialization of Modern Europe, 1750-1914......Page 329
3. Military Modernization, 1789-1918......Page 331
4. From Orders to Classes: European Society in the Nineteenth Century......Page 333
5. The Commercialization and Sacralization of European Culture in the Nineteenth Century......Page 335
6. The Great Civil War: European Politics, 1914-1945......Page 338
7. The Fall and Rise of the European Economy in the Twentieth Century......Page 341
8. Warfare in Europe since 1918......Page 342
9. European Society in the Twentieth Century......Page 344
10. From Modernism to Post-modernism......Page 345
11. Europe Divided and Reunited, 1945-1995......Page 350
Chronology......Page 354
MAPS......Page 374
INDEX......Page 388