Oxford American Handbook of Rheumatology

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 16
List of color plates......Page 22
Symbols and abbreviations......Page 24
Part 1 The presentation of rheumatic disease......Page 30
1 Evaluating musculoskeletal pain......Page 32
Introduction......Page 33
Localization of pain and pain patterns......Page 35
Changes in pain on examination......Page 37
The assessment of pain in young children......Page 38
2 Regional musculoskeletal conditions: making a working diagnosis......Page 40
Introduction......Page 41
Neck pain......Page 43
Shoulder pain......Page 51
Pain around the elbow......Page 63
Wrist pain......Page 69
Symptoms in the hand......Page 75
Upper limb peripheral nerve lesions......Page 87
Thoracic back and chest pain......Page 93
Low back pain and disorders in adults......Page 99
Spinal disorders in children and adolescents......Page 113
Pelvic, groin, and thigh pain......Page 121
Knee pain......Page 133
Lower leg and foot disorders (adults)......Page 147
Child and adolescent foot disorders......Page 161
Corticosteroid injection therapy......Page 171
Principles of rehabilitation......Page 175
3 Patterns of disease presentation: making a working diagnosis......Page 178
Monoarticular pains in adults......Page 179
Oligoarticular pains in adults......Page 181
Oligoarticular pains in children and adolescents......Page 191
Widespread pain in adults......Page 199
Widespread pain in children and adolescents......Page 215
4 The spectrum of presentation of rheumatic disease......Page 224
Skin disorders and rheumatic disease......Page 225
Skin vasculitis in adults......Page 231
Skin vasculitis in children and adolescents......Page 235
Cardiac manifestations......Page 239
Pulmonary manifestations......Page 243
Renal manifestations......Page 245
Endocrine manifestations......Page 249
Gut and hepatobiliary manifestations......Page 253
Malignancy......Page 259
Part 2 The clinical features and management of rheumatic diseases......Page 262
5 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)......Page 264
Disease criteria and epidemiology......Page 265
Incidence, prevalence, and morbidity......Page 267
The clinical features of rheumatoid arthritis......Page 268
Organ disease in rheumatoid arthritis......Page 269
The evaluation and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis......Page 273
Rheumatoid factor positive polyarthritis in childhood......Page 288
6 Osteoarthritis (OA)......Page 290
Introduction......Page 291
Clinical features of OA......Page 293
The investigation of OA......Page 295
The management of OA......Page 297
7 The crystal arthropathies......Page 300
Gout and hyperuricemia......Page 301
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) disease......Page 307
Basic calcium phosphate (BCP) associated disease......Page 310
Calcium oxalate arthritis......Page 311
8 The spondyloarthridities......Page 312
Introduction......Page 313
Diagnostic criteria and clinical subsets......Page 315
Ankylosing spondylitis......Page 319
Psoriatic arthritis......Page 325
Reactive arthropathy......Page 329
Enteric arthropathy......Page 331
Undifferentiated spondyloarthritis......Page 332
SAPHO......Page 333
Spondyloarthridities in childhood......Page 335
9 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)......Page 338
Introduction......Page 339
Oligoarthritis......Page 341
Systemic arthritis......Page 345
Rheumatoid factor negative polyarthritis in childhood......Page 350
Rheumatoid factor negative polyarticular JIA......Page 351
Rheumatoid factor positive polyarticular JIA......Page 353
Juvenile psoriatic arthritis......Page 354
Enthesitis related arthritis......Page 355
Chronic, infantile, neurological, cutaneous, & articular syndrome (CINCA)......Page 356
Still’s disease......Page 357
10 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)......Page 358
Introduction......Page 359
The clinical features of SLE......Page 363
Antiphospholipid (antibody) syndrome and SLE......Page 367
Pregnancy and SLE......Page 368
Diagnosis and investigation of SLE......Page 369
Drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DILE)......Page 371
The treatment of SLE......Page 373
Prognosis and survival in SLE......Page 377
Childhood SLE......Page 378
Neonatal SLE......Page 379
11 The antiphospholipid (antibody) syndrome (APS)......Page 380
Introduction......Page 381
Epidemiology and pathology......Page 382
Clinical features of APS......Page 383
Treatment of APS......Page 385
Catastrophic APS (CAPS)......Page 387
12 Sjögren’s syndrome (SS)......Page 390
Epidemiology and pathology......Page 391
Clinical manifestations of SS......Page 393
Investigation of SS......Page 397
Treatment of SS......Page 399
13 Systemic sclerosis and related disorders......Page 402
Epidemiology and diagnostic criteria......Page 403
Cutaneous features of scleroderma and their treatment......Page 409
Systemic features of the disease, investigation, and treatment......Page 413
Antifibrotic and immunosuppressive therapies for systemic sclerosis......Page 419
Summary—the approach to systemic sclerosis......Page 421
Scleroderma-like fibrosing disorders......Page 423
14 Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies—polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM)......Page 426
Epidemiology and diagnosis......Page 427
Clinical features of PM and DM......Page 429
Investigation of PM and DM......Page 433
Autoantibodies in myositis......Page 435
Treatment of PM and DM......Page 439
Inclusion-body myositis (IBM)......Page 442
PM and DM in children......Page 443
15 Primary vasculitides......Page 446
Introduction......Page 447
Large-vessel vasculitis......Page 450
Takayasu’s arteritis......Page 451
Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis......Page 453
Polyarteritis nodosa......Page 458
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s granulomatosis)......Page 459
Other forms of AAV: microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA)......Page 463
Small-vessel and single organ vasculitis......Page 467
Kawasaki disease......Page 471
16 Metabolic bone diseases and disorders of collagen......Page 472
Osteoporosis......Page 473
Osteomalacia and rickets......Page 483
Parathyroid disease and related disorders......Page 487
Paget’s disease of bone......Page 495
Miscellaneous diseases of bone......Page 499
Molecular abnormalities of collagen and fibrillin......Page 503
17 Infection and rheumatic disease......Page 510
Introduction......Page 511
Pyogenic nongonococcal and gonococcal arthritides......Page 515
Mycobacterium tuberculosis......Page 519
Osteomyelitis......Page 521
Lyme disease......Page 523
Rheumatic fever......Page 525
18 Miscellaneous conditions......Page 528
Behçet’s disease......Page 529
Sarcoidosis......Page 533
Miscellaneous skin conditions associated with arthritis......Page 537
Chronic regional pain syndrome......Page 543
Relapsing polychondritis......Page 545
Miscellaneous disorders of synovium......Page 547
Amyloidosis......Page 549
Fibromyalgia and chronic widespread pain......Page 553
19 Common upper limb musculoskeletal lesions......Page 558
Shoulder (subacromial) impingement syndrome......Page 559
Adhesive capsulitis (AC)......Page 562
Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)......Page 563
20 Back pain......Page 566
Conditions causing acute or subacute back pain in adults......Page 567
Management of chronic back pain......Page 573
Management of back pain in children and adolescents......Page 575
21 Complementary and alternative medicine in rheumatology......Page 582
Introduction......Page 583
Herbal remedies (phytotherapy)......Page 584
Physical and hands-on therapies......Page 585
Homeopathy......Page 586
Other CAMs......Page 587
22 Rheumatologic emergencies......Page 590
Septic arthritis......Page 591
Infections in patients taking anti- TNF -A drugs......Page 595
Acute SLE......Page 597
Systemic vasculitis......Page 603
Scleroderma (Scl) crises......Page 604
Methotrexate-induced pneumonitis......Page 605
A......Page 606
B......Page 607
C......Page 608
D......Page 609
E......Page 610
H......Page 611
I......Page 612
L......Page 613
M......Page 614
N......Page 615
O......Page 616
P......Page 617
R......Page 619
S......Page 620
U......Page 623
W......Page 624
Y......Page 625