Orofacial Pain: From Basic Science to Clinical Management

OROFACIAL PAIN: From Basic Science to Clinical Management, Second Edition
	Frontmatter
		Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
		Table of Contents
		Preface to the Second Edition
		Preface to the First Edition
		Contributors
	Section I - Orofacial Pain: Classification, Epidemiology, and Beliefs
		Chapter 1: What Is Pain and How Do We Classify Orofacial Pain?
			What Is Pain?
			Methods Used in Classification
			Entities That May Cause Pain in the Orofacial Area
			Summary
			References
		Chapter 2: Epidemiology of Orofacial Pain: Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk Factors
			What Is Epidemiology?
			Epidemiologic Measures
			Orofacial Pain Conditions
			Summary
			References
		Chapter 3: Current Beliefs and Educational Guidelines
			Overview of Current Beliefs
			The Need for Knowledge in theBasic Sciences
			Summary
			References
	Section II - Neurobiology of Pain
		Chapter 4: Peripheral Mechanisms of Orofacial Pain
			General Features of Receptors Including Nociceptors
			Pulp and Dentin
			Other Orofacial Tissues
			Summary
			References
		Chapter 5: Central Nociceptive Pathways
			Afferent Inputs and Brain Stem Organization
			Brain Stem Nociceptive Transmission
			Projections from the VBSNC
			Thalamocortical Nociceptive Transmission
			Summary
			References
		Chapter 6: Neurochemical Factors in Injury and Inflammation of Orofacial Tissues
			Peripheral Mechanisms of Pain, Hyperalgesia, and Allodynia
			Neurogenic Modulation in Inflammation and Wound Healing
			Summary
			References
		Chapter 7: Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain
			Ectopic Impulses from Damaged Primary Afferent Nerve Fibers
			Involvement of the Sympathetic Nervous System
			Central Sprouting
			Phenotypic Changes in Primary Afferents and Dorsal Horn Neurons
			Microglial and Other Glial Cell Reactions
			Changes in Segmental Inhibitory Control
			The Concept of Peripherally Maintained Central Sensitization
			Modulation of Central Sensitization Through Descending Controls
			Mechanisms Implicated in Neuropathic Pain of the Orofacial Area
			Summary
			References
		Chapter 8: Pain Modulatory Systems
			Sites and Processes that Modulate Pain Perception
			Genetic and Environmental Factors that Influence Pain Modulation
			Summary
			Acknowledgments
			References
		Chapter 9: Pain and Genetics
			Why Is the Variance in Chronic Orofacial Pain Important?
			Is Chronic Orofacial Pain a Heritable Trait?
			What Is the Size of the Heritable Component in Chronic Orofacial Pain?
			How Can We Find Orofacial Pain Genes?
			How Can Pain Medicine Advancein the Postgenomic Era?
			Summary
			References
	Section III - Pain and Behavior
		Chapter 10: Measurement of Pain
			Basic Characteristics of Measures
			Subjective Reporting
			Behavioral and Physiologic Responses
			Functional Brain Imaging
			Summary
			References
		Chapter 11: Psychologic State and Pain Perception
			Focusing on Pain Can Make It Worse
			Our Emotions Affect Our Perception of Pain
			What Are the Mechanisms by Which Attention and Emotions Alter Pain?
			How Can the Clinician Use Attention and Emotions to Reduce a Patient’s Pain?
			Social Influences on Pain
			Placebo and Orofacial Pain
			Summary
			References
		Chapter 12: Psychosocial Factors
			Types of Pain
			Biomedical Models of Pain
			The Neurologic and Psychosocial Interface
			Biopsychosocial Model of Pain
			A Dual-Axis Approach to Assessment of Dental and Orofacial Pain
			Assessing Pain-Relevant Psychologic and Psychosocial Factors
			Summary
			References
		Chapter 13: Pain and Gender
			Clinical Pain
			Experimental Pain
			Sociocultural and Psychosocial Factors Proposed for Gender Differences in Pain
			Potential Biologic Factors Underlying Gender Differences in Pain
			Summary
			References
		Chapter 14: Pain and Motor Reflexes
			Nociceptive Reflexes
			Effects of Nociception on Jaw Reflexes
			Summary
			References
		Chapter 15: Persistent Pain and Motor Dysfunction
			The Vicious Cycle Theory
			The Effect of Persistent Pain on Biting and Mastication
			Pain and Facial Expression
			The Pain-Adaptation Model
			Summary
			References
		Chapter 16: Pain and Sleep Disturbances
			Normal Sleep
			Poor Sleep Quality
			Abnormal Sleep
			Sleep Abnormalities in Pain Patients
			Overview of Management Strategies for Pain and Poor Sleep
			Summary
			Acknowledgments
			References
	Section IV - Management of Orofacial Pain: Principles and Practices
		Chapter 17: The Path to Diagnosis
			Overview of the Diagnostic Process
			The Clinical Assessment Process
			Reliability of Clinical Examination Techniques and Tests
			The Clinical Decision-Making Process for Orofacial Pain
			Summary
			References
		Chapter 18: Evidence-Based Pain Management
			The Evidence
			References
		Chapter 19: Management of Persistent Orofacial Pain
			Professional Care
			Defining the Challenge
			Using a Case-Specific Approach
			Varying Focus in the Treatment of Pain
			Sorting Patients According to Care Requirements
			Treatment Options Within the Scope of General Dentistry
			Summary
			References
		Chapter 20: Management of Dental Pain
			Diagnostic Considerations
			Pains of Pulpal Origin
			Pain Associated with Periodontal Disease
			Summary
			References
		Chapter 21: Management of Inflammatory Pain
			Strategies for Acute Pain Management
			Drug Selection for Management of Acute Pain
			Therapeutic Recommendations to Manage Pain Related to Dental Procedures
			Summary
			References
		Chapter 22: Management of Masticatory Myalgia and Arthralgia
			Differential Diagnosis
			Management Strategies
			Summary
			References
		Chapter 23: Management of Mucosal Pain
			Assessment and Diagnosis
			Pain Management Therapy for Mucosal Pain
			Summary
			References
		Chapter 24: Management of Neuropathic Pain
			Orofacial Neuropathic Pain Conditions
			Prevention of Neuropathic Pain
			Treatment for Neuropathic Pain (Excluding Trigeminal Neuralgia)
			Drugs for Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia
			Summary
			References
		Chapter 25: Management of Orofacial Pain Related to Headache
			Migraine
			Tension-type Headache (Temporal Headache)
			Temporal Arteritis
			Headache Attributed to Head or Neck Trauma
			Summary
			References
		Chapter 26: Management of Movement Disorders Related to Orofacial Pain
			Parkinson Disease
			Dystonia
			Dyskinesia
			Stereotypies
			Bruxism
			Summary
			References
		Chapter 27: Illustrative Case Reports
			Case 1
			Case 2
			Case 3
			Case 4
			Case 5
		Chapter 28: Science Transfer in Orofacial Pain: Problems and Solutions
			General Problems in Science Transfer
			Science Transfer Problems in Orofacial Pain
			Enhancing Science Transfer in Orofacial Pain
			Responsibilities of Innovators as well as Students and Practitioners
			References