Organising Care in a Time of Covid-19: Implications for Leadership, Governance and Policy

Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
	Policy Learning
	Healthcare Governance in Hospital Organisations
	Professions and Professionalism
	Technologies, Governance, and Governmentalities
	Organising and Organisational Responses to COVID-19
	References
2 Intra-Crisis Policy Transfer: The Case of COVID-19 in the UK
	Introduction
	Learning and Lesson-Drawing
	Learning and Crisis
	The COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK
	‘Following the Science’ in the UK
	Learning from the Past
	Learning from Abroad
	Learning from the Past and from Abroad?
	References
3 Whose Science Did Government Follow? The Organisation of Scientific Advice to the UK Government in the First Wave of the COVID-19 Response
	Introduction
	The Literature on Organising Scientific Advice in an Emergency
		How Does Government Describe the Organisation of Scientific Advice in an Emergency?
		What Does the Academic Literature Conclude About the Organisation of Scientific Advice in Crisis Situations?
		The Use of Evidence in Public Health Emergencies
		The Demands on Scientific Advisors in a Public Health Crisis
		The Organisation of the Provision of Policy Advice
	Case Study 1: The Actors Who Provide Scientific Advice During COVID-19
		Institutional Legitimacy of Actors
		Strategic Origin of the Advice
	Case Study 2: The Organisation of Social Distancing Advice
	Discussion: Developing the Scientific Advisory System for Emergencies
		Complex Adaptive System
		Institutional Field
		Policy Stage
	Conclusions—Lessons for the Future
	References
4 Learning from History or Reacting to Events? Colombia's Navigation of Major System Change in Response to COVID-19
	Introduction
	Conceptual Framework: History in MSC
		The Priority of Local Forms of Learning
		Learning in Relation to Past Change Initiatives
	COVID-19 in Latin America and Colombia
		Key Features of Colombia’s Health System Structure
	Findings
		Sources of Learning
		Processes of Learning in Relation to Past Change Initiatives
	Discussion and Conclusion
		Implications for MSC Theory, Research and Practice
	References
5 COVID-19 and the Flexibility of the Bureaucratic Ethos
	Introduction
	The ‘Customary View’ of Bureaucracy as Inflexible and Unresponsive
	Exploring the Relationship Between Bureaucracy, Flexibility and Responsiveness
	Bureaucratic Responsiveness in Danish Hospitals During the Pandemic
		The Emergency Response Team
		Emergency Response Between Rules and Flexibility
		Division of Labor and the Authority of Expertise and Office
	Discussion and Concluding Remarks
	References
6 Dancing with a Virus: Finding New Rhythms of Organizing and Caring in Dutch Hospitals
	Introduction
		Dancing Organizations
	The Hospital/Acute Care Setting in the Netherlands
	Findings: Dancing with a Virus
		Learning to Dance
		Dance Marathon—Hanging in There
		Dancing to a Cacophony
	Discussion
	References
7 Professional Engagement in Management: Learnings from the COVID-19 Crisis in France
	Introduction
	Theoretical Background: Some Elements
	Context and Methods
		The Context of Public Hospitals in France
		The Organization of Responsibilities During the Crisis
		Data
	Findings
		Goal Alignment
		Collegiality in Decision-Making and Transparency
		Cooperation
	Discussion
		Professionals’ Engagement in the Management of Hospitals
			Conducive Changes
			A Specific Context?
		Internal Governance and Opportunities of Collaboration
	Conclusion
	References
8 Theorizing Reorganizations of Care: Boundary Work and the Professions During Ontario’s COVID-19 Response
	Introduction
	Systems of Professions: Understanding Cascades of Redeployment
	Expanding the Bounds of “Boundary Work”
	Background Information and Description
	Configurational Boundary Work: Government Powers and Employer’s Roles
	Exclusive Boundaries: Intersections of Governance and Knowledge
	Discussion
		Potential Effects of Reorganization: Existing Policy Trajectories
		Expanding Empirical and Conceptual Range: Focusing on the Role of Employing Organizations
	Conclusions
	References
9 The Impact of COVID-19 on Primary Care Practitioners: Transformation, Upheaval and Uncertainty
	Introduction: A System in Flux
	Professionals in Transition
	Findings
		Describing Change
		Sudden and Unsettling Change
	The Effects of Uncertainty
		Clinical Uncertainty
		The Effects of Rapid Service Change on the Primary Care Profession
		The Sustainability of Changes Made to Primary Care
	Discussion
	References
10 Professionalism in a Pandemic: Shifting Perceptions of Nursing Through Social Media
	Introduction
	Organizing Professionalism and Nursing
	Findings
		Challenging Stereotypes
		Communicating the Emotional and Physical Demands of Nursing Work
		Increasing Political Influence
	Discussion and Conclusions
	References
11 Population Health Management in the NHS: What Can We Learn from COVID-19?
	Introduction
	Population Health Management: Panacea or Chimera?
	UK ‘Shielding’ Policy
		Critique 1: The Problem of Classification
		Critique 2: The Problem of Constructing Risk
	Discussion
	References
12 The Temporal Dimensions of Health Technology Adoption During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Revisiting Roger’s Diffusionist Innovation Theory
	Introduction
	Roger’s Diffusion of Innovation Theory During the Covid-19 Global Pandemic: The Temporal Dimensions of Innovation Adoption
		Temporal Variable 1: The ‘Innovation-Decision Process’
		Temporal Variable 2: The Relative ‘Innovativeness’ of Adopters
		Temporal Variable 3: The Overall Rate of Adoption Within a Social System
	Criticisms and Observations
	Remote Care Delivery in Primary Care During Covid-19: Compressing the Adoption Curve
		Evidence on Remote Consultations and Care Delivery in Primary Care
		The COVID-19 Context and Emerging Evidence
	Discussion
	Conclusion
	References
13 The Politics of Life and Death in the Time of COVID-19
	Introduction
	Necropolitics, Zemiology and Forms of Harm Analysis
		From Zemiology to Necropolitics
		Necropolitics
	The Necropolitics of COVID-19
		COVID-19 and Vulnerability to Risk of Harm
		Necropolitics and Space
	Conclusion
	References
14 Rapid Impact Organisation Behaviour (RIOB) Research for Responses by Healthcare Organisations to Evolving Crises (SARS COV-2 Pandemic): Examples of a New OB Specialty
	Introduction
	Fast Health Service Response to Emergencies and Crises
	Examples of Relevant Research
		Implementing Rapid Adherence to Hand Hygiene Practices
		Hand-Hygiene Compliance: An Organizational Approach
		A Rapid Impact Organisation Behaviour (RIOB) Partnership Study
	Features of Rapid Impact Organisation Behaviour research
		Manager Customer-Participants
		Defining Objectives, Deliverables and Time Targets (Parameters)
		Research and Practice Partners
		Investigation Design and Methods
		Multidisciplinary Research Perspective
		Digital Research
	Implications for OB Research into Emergency Management in Healthcare Organisations
	Conclusion
	Appendix: Definitions of Terms Used in This Paper
	References
15 Will the “New” Become the “Normal”? Exploring Sustainability of Rapid Health System Transformations
	Introduction
	Theoretical Foundations
		Sustainability in Health System Transformation
		Lessons from Disaster Response Research
	The Rapid and Sustainable Transformation (RAST) Framework for Health Systems
	Case Reports
		Interplay Between Centralization and Decentralization: Awakening “Slumbering” Structures in The Netherlands
			Pre-COVID-19 Context
			During-COVID-19 Context: Policy, Resource and Services Responses Through Adaptive Leadership and Continuous Learning
		Multidisciplinary Team Challenges in Long-Term Care in Quebec, Canada
			Pre-COVID-19 Context
			During-COVID-19 Context: Rapid Human Resource Policy and Funding Changes to Address Workforce Shortages in Long-Term Care
		Rapid Virtualization of Care in Ontario, Canada
			Pre-COVID-19 Context
			During-COVID-19 Context: Rapid Regulatory and Funding Changes
	Discussion
		The Pre-disaster Context: Setting the Stage
		The During-Disaster Context: Supportive Conditions for Sustainability
		Implications for Sustainability
		Future Work
	References
Index