Organic Reaction Mechanisms 2016

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contributors......Page 7
Preface......Page 9
Contents......Page 11
Chapter 1 Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones and Their Derivatives......Page 13
 Formation and Reactions of Acetals and Related Species......Page 14
 Reactions of Glucosides......Page 17
 Reactions of Ketenes and Related Cumulenes......Page 19
 Formation and Reactions of Nitrogen Derivatives......Page 20
 C–C Bond Formation and Fission: Aldol and Related Reactions......Page 39
 Other Addition Reactions......Page 53
 Enolization, Reactions of Enolates, and Related Reactions......Page 60
 Oxidation and Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds......Page 63
 Miscellaneous Cyclizations......Page 68
 Other Reactions......Page 71
 References......Page 74
  Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives......Page 83
  Phosphoric Acids and their Derivatives......Page 94
 Intramolecular Catalysis and Neighbouring Group Participation......Page 95
  Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives......Page 99
  Phosphoric Acids and their Derivatives......Page 103
 References......Page 108
 Oxidation by Metal Ions and Related Species......Page 109
 Oxidation by Compounds of Non-metallic Elements......Page 129
 Peracids and Peroxides......Page 143
 Triplet Oxygen and Autoxidation......Page 155
 Other Reductions......Page 195
 Reduction by Complex Metal Hydrides......Page 171
 Hydrogenation......Page 174
 Transfer Hydrogenation......Page 184
 References......Page 201
Chapter 4 Carbenes and Nitrenes......Page 213
 Metal-Free Carbenes – Structure and Reactivity......Page 214
 Metallated Carbenes – Structure and Reactivity......Page 218
 Heterocyclic Carbenes – Structure......Page 232
 Heterocyclic Carbenes – Reactivity......Page 235
 Heterocyclic Carbenes – DFT Analysis Methods......Page 237
 Heterocyclic Carbenes – As Ligands......Page 238
 N-Heterocyclic Carbenes – Chiral Systems......Page 243
 Nitrenes......Page 248
 Silylenes and Germylenes......Page 250
 References......Page 251
 General......Page 259
 Nucleophilic Substitution......Page 261
 Electrophilic Substitution......Page 274
 Transition-Metal-Catalysed Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation......Page 294
 References......Page 335
 Introduction......Page 349
 Electronic Effects and Structure......Page 350
 Aromatic and Anti-Aromatic Systems......Page 351
 New Reactions and Methods Involving Carbocations......Page 352
 Superelectrophilic Carbocations......Page 356
 Arenium Ions......Page 357
 SN1 Reactions......Page 358
 Ring-Opening and -Forming Reactions......Page 360
 Rearrangements of Carbocations......Page 368
 Propargyl and Vinyl Carbocations......Page 370
 Asymmetric Synthesis......Page 373
 Biosynthetic Chemistry......Page 376
 References......Page 377
 SN Reactions Forming C–C Bonds......Page 381
 Allylic Substitutions......Page 383
 Vinyl Substitutions......Page 390
 Propargylic Substitutions......Page 392
 Reactions of Cyclic Ethers......Page 393
 Aziridines and Other Small Ring Substitution Reactions......Page 399
 Studies Using Kinetic Isotope Effects......Page 405
 Nucleophilic Substitution on Elements Other than Carbon......Page 408
 Medium Effects/Solvent Effects......Page 411
 Structural Effects......Page 413
 Theoretical Studies......Page 418
 Miscellaneous Kinetic and Product Studies......Page 423
 Other......Page 426
 References......Page 429
 Carbanion Structure and Stability......Page 435
 Carbanion Reactions......Page 436
 Organometallic Species......Page 444
 Miscellaneous......Page 454
 Electrophilic Aliphatic Substitution......Page 455
 References......Page 458
 E1cB and E2 Mechanisms......Page 461
 Pyrolytic Reactions......Page 462
 Elimination Reactions in Synthesis......Page 464
 Other Reactions......Page 471
 References......Page 473
Chapter 10 Addition Reactions: Polar Addition......Page 475
 Electrophilic Additions......Page 477
 Nucleophilic Additions......Page 590
 Acronyms......Page 653
 Acronyms and Abbreviations......Page 656
 References......Page 657
Chapter 11 Addition Reactions: Cycloaddition......Page 673
 2+2-Cycloaddition......Page 676
 2+3-Cycloaddition......Page 678
 2+4-Cycloaddition......Page 686
 Miscellaneous......Page 696
 References......Page 705
Chapter 12 Molecular Rearrangements......Page 709
 Pericyclic Reactions......Page 710
 Molecular Rearrangements......Page 720
 Metal-Induced Reactions......Page 740
 Named Reactions......Page 762
 Computation......Page 776
 Miscellaneous......Page 777
 References......Page 787
Author Index......Page 793
Subject Index......Page 845
EULA......Page 870