Order and Disorder: The Poor Clares Between Foundation and Reform

Order and Disorder\nCopyright\nDedication\nContents\nIntroduction\n1. Clare of Assisi, Cardinal Ugolino and the Emergence of a Damianite Order\n	The Emergence of Clare’s San Damiano Community\n	The Wider Context\n	Attempts at Regularization: The Initiatives of the Papal Legate Ugolino of Ostia\n2. Damianites, Minoresses, Poor Clares\n	The Franciscans and the Damianites after the Death of Francis\n	The Rule of Innocent IV\n	The Rule of Clare of Assisi\n	Franciscan Order Policies after the Death of Clare\n	Isabelle of France and the Minoresses\n	Urban IV and the Creation of the Ordo Sanctae Clarae\n	How Uniform was the Order of Poor Clares?\n3. The Expansion of the Order Until c. 1400\n	Cautionary Remarks\n	Expansion Estimates\n	Italy\n	The Iberian Peninsula\n	France\n	Minoresses in France, England and Italy\n	The German Lands (Including the Alsace Region) and the Low Countries\n	Central and Eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Greece and the Middle East\n	Attempts at a Typology of Clarissan Houses\n	Maps\n4. Implementing Reforms\n	Tordesillas\n	The Colettines\n	Clarissan Reforms Under the Observantes Sub Vicariis in Italy\n	Observant Reforms in Alsace, Germany and Austria\n	The Ave Maria Reform\n	The Annonciade and the ‘Argentan’ or ‘Leonist’ Observance\n	The Regular Observance in Spain\n	Spanish Conceptionists\n	Order Expansion During the Era of Observant Reforms\n	The Clarissan Expansion in the Northern Low Countries: A Case Study\n	Closing Remarks\n5. Aspects of Community Life\n	Socio-Economic Realities\n	Social and Religious Aspects of Community Life\n	The Position of the Abbess\n	The Novitiate\n	Wayward Nuns\n	Size and Shape of Monasteries\n6. Forms of Literary and Artistic Expression\n	Preconditions: Literacy and Scribal Activities\n	Poor Clares as Authors in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries\n	Poor Clares and Minoresses as Target Audience\n	The Impact of the Observant Reforms\n	Epistolography\n	Autobiographical Writings and Texts of Religious Instruction\n	Writings on the Rule\n	Observant Chronicles and Saints’ Lives\n	Prayer Texts and Devotional Poetry\n	Works of Passion Meditation\n	Teaching and Preaching\n	Performances, Music and the Visual Arts\nEpilogue\n	The Sixteenth Century: A Century of Crisis?\n	Ongoing Expansion\n	Some Tentative Conclusions\nBibliography\nIndex of Places and Convents\nIndex of Names and Subjects