Oracle VM VirtualBox User Manual

Preface
1 First Steps
	1.1 Why is Virtualization Useful?
	1.2 Some Terminology
	1.3 Features Overview
	1.4 Supported Host Operating Systems
	1.5 Host CPU Requirements
	1.6 Installing Oracle VM VirtualBox and Extension Packs
	1.7 Starting Oracle VM VirtualBox
	1.8 Creating Your First Virtual Machine
	1.9 Running Your Virtual Machine
		1.9.1 Starting a New VM for the First Time
		1.9.2 Capturing and Releasing Keyboard and Mouse
		1.9.3 Typing Special Characters
		1.9.4 Changing Removable Media
		1.9.5 Resizing the Machine's Window
		1.9.6 Saving the State of the Machine
	1.10 Using VM Groups
	1.11 Snapshots
		1.11.1 Taking, Restoring, and Deleting Snapshots
		1.11.2 Snapshot Contents
	1.12 Virtual Machine Configuration
	1.13 Removing and Moving Virtual Machines
	1.14 Cloning Virtual Machines
	1.15 Importing and Exporting Virtual Machines
		1.15.1 About the OVF Format
		1.15.2 Importing an Appliance in OVF Format
		1.15.3 Exporting an Appliance in OVF Format
		1.15.4 Exporting an Appliance to Oracle Cloud Infrastructure
		1.15.5 The Cloud Profile Manager
	1.16 Global Settings
	1.17 Alternative Front-Ends
2 Installation Details
	2.1 Installing on Windows Hosts
		2.1.1 Prerequisites
		2.1.2 Performing the Installation
		2.1.3 Uninstallation
		2.1.4 Unattended Installation
		2.1.5 Public Properties
	2.2 Installing on Mac OS X Hosts
		2.2.1 Performing the Installation
		2.2.2 Uninstallation
		2.2.3 Unattended Installation
	2.3 Installing on Linux Hosts
		2.3.1 Prerequisites
		2.3.2 The Oracle VM VirtualBox Driver Modules
		2.3.3 Performing the Installation
		2.3.4 The vboxusers Group
		2.3.5 Starting Oracle VM VirtualBox on Linux
	2.4 Installing on Oracle Solaris Hosts
		2.4.1 Performing the Installation
		2.4.2 The vboxuser Group
		2.4.3 Starting Oracle VM VirtualBox on Oracle Solaris
		2.4.4 Uninstallation
		2.4.5 Unattended Installation
		2.4.6 Configuring a Zone for Running Oracle VM VirtualBox
3 Configuring Virtual Machines
	3.1 Supported Guest Operating Systems
		3.1.1 Mac OS X Guests
		3.1.2 64-bit Guests
	3.2 Unattended Guest Installation
		3.2.1 An Example of Unattended Guest Installation
	3.3 Emulated Hardware
	3.4 General Settings
		3.4.1 Basic Tab
		3.4.2 Advanced Tab
		3.4.3 Description Tab
		3.4.4 Disk Encryption Tab
	3.5 System Settings
		3.5.1 Motherboard Tab
		3.5.2 Processor Tab
		3.5.3 Acceleration Tab
	3.6 Display Settings
		3.6.1 Screen Tab
		3.6.2 Remote Display Tab
		3.6.3 Recording Tab
	3.7 Storage Settings
	3.8 Audio Settings
	3.9 Network Settings
	3.10 Serial Ports
	3.11 USB Support
		3.11.1 USB Settings
		3.11.2 Implementation Notes for Windows and Linux Hosts
	3.12 Shared Folders
	3.13 User Interface
	3.14 Alternative Firmware (EFI)
		3.14.1 Video Modes in EFI
		3.14.2 Specifying Boot Arguments
4 Guest Additions
	4.1 Introduction to Guest Additions
	4.2 Installing and Maintaining Guest Additions
		4.2.1 Guest Additions for Windows
		4.2.2 Guest Additions for Linux
		4.2.3 Guest Additions for Oracle Solaris
		4.2.4 Guest Additions for OS/2
	4.3 Shared Folders
		4.3.1 Manual Mounting
		4.3.2 Automatic Mounting
	4.4 Drag and Drop
		4.4.1 Supported Formats
		4.4.2 Known Limitations
	4.5 Hardware-Accelerated Graphics
		4.5.1 Hardware 3D Acceleration (OpenGL and Direct3D 8/9)
		4.5.2 Hardware 2D Video Acceleration for Windows Guests
	4.6 Seamless Windows
	4.7 Guest Properties
		4.7.1 Using Guest Properties to Wait on VM Events
	4.8 Guest Control File Manager
		4.8.1 Using the Guest Control File Manager
	4.9 Guest Control of Applications
	4.10 Memory Overcommitment
		4.10.1 Memory Ballooning
		4.10.2 Page Fusion
5 Virtual Storage
	5.1 Hard Disk Controllers: IDE, SATA (AHCI), SCSI, SAS, USB MSD, NVMe
	5.2 Disk Image Files (VDI, VMDK, VHD, HDD)
	5.3 The Virtual Media Manager
	5.4 Special Image Write Modes
	5.5 Differencing Images
	5.6 Cloning Disk Images
	5.7 Host Input/Output Caching
	5.8 Limiting Bandwidth for Disk Images
	5.9 CD/DVD Support
	5.10 iSCSI Servers
	5.11 vboximg-mount: A Utility for FUSE Mounting a Virtual Disk Image
		5.11.1 Viewing Detailed Information About a Virtual Disk Image
		5.11.2 Mounting a Virtual Disk Image
6 Virtual Networking
	6.1 Virtual Networking Hardware
	6.2 Introduction to Networking Modes
	6.3 Network Address Translation (NAT)
		6.3.1 Configuring Port Forwarding with NAT
		6.3.2 PXE Booting with NAT
		6.3.3 NAT Limitations
	6.4 Network Address Translation Service
	6.5 Bridged Networking
	6.6 Internal Networking
	6.7 Host-Only Networking
	6.8 UDP Tunnel Networking
	6.9 VDE Networking
	6.10 Limiting Bandwidth for Network Input/Output
	6.11 Improving Network Performance
7 Remote Virtual Machines
	7.1 Remote Display (VRDP Support)
		7.1.1 Common Third-Party RDP Viewers
		7.1.2 VBoxHeadless, the Remote Desktop Server
		7.1.3 Step by Step: Creating a Virtual Machine on a Headless Server
		7.1.4 Remote USB
		7.1.5 RDP Authentication
		7.1.6 RDP Encryption
		7.1.7 Multiple Connections to the VRDP Server
		7.1.8 Multiple Remote Monitors
		7.1.9 VRDP Video Redirection
		7.1.10 VRDP Customization
	7.2 Teleporting
8 VBoxManage
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Commands Overview
	8.3 General Options
	8.4 VBoxManage list
	8.5 VBoxManage showvminfo
	8.6 VBoxManage registervm/unregistervm
	8.7 VBoxManage createvm
	8.8 VBoxManage modifyvm
		8.8.1 General Settings
		8.8.2 Networking Settings
		8.8.3 Miscellaneous Settings
		8.8.4 Recording Settings
		8.8.5 Remote Machine Settings
		8.8.6 Teleporting Settings
		8.8.7 Debugging Settings
		8.8.8 USB Card Reader Settings
		8.8.9 Autostarting VMs During Host System Boot
	8.9 VBoxManage clonevm
	8.10 VBoxManage movevm
	8.11 VBoxManage import
	8.12 VBoxManage export
		8.12.1 Export to OVF
		8.12.2 Export to Oracle Cloud Infrastructure
	8.13 VBoxManage startvm
	8.14 VBoxManage controlvm
	8.15 VBoxManage discardstate
	8.16 VBoxManage adoptstate
	8.17 VBoxManage snapshot
	8.18 VBoxManage closemedium
	8.19 VBoxManage storageattach
	8.20 VBoxManage storagectl
	8.21 VBoxManage bandwidthctl
	8.22 VBoxManage showmediuminfo
	8.23 VBoxManage createmedium
	8.24 VBoxManage modifymedium
	8.25 VBoxManage clonemedium
	8.26 VBoxManage mediumproperty
	8.27 VBoxManage encryptmedium
	8.28 VBoxManage checkmediumpwd
	8.29 VBoxManage convertfromraw
	8.30 VBoxManage getextradata/setextradata
	8.31 VBoxManage setproperty
	8.32 VBoxManage usbfilter add/modify/remove
	8.33 VBoxManage sharedfolder add/remove
	8.34 VBoxManage guestproperty
	8.35 VBoxManage guestcontrol
	8.36 VBoxManage metrics
	8.37 VBoxManage natnetwork
	8.38 VBoxManage hostonlyif
	8.39 VBoxManage dhcpserver
	8.40 VBoxManage usbdevsource
	8.41 VBoxManage mediumio
	8.42 VBoxManage debugvm
	8.43 VBoxManage extpack
	8.44 VBoxManage unattended
9 Advanced Topics
	9.1 Automated Guest Logins
		9.1.1 Automated Windows Guest Logins
		9.1.2 Automated Linux and UNIX Guest Logins
	9.2 Advanced Configuration for Windows Guests
		9.2.1 Automated Windows System Preparation
	9.3 Advanced Configuration for Linux and Oracle Solaris Guests
		9.3.1 Manual Setup of Selected Guest Services on Linux
		9.3.2 Guest Graphics and Mouse Driver Setup in Depth
	9.4 CPU Hot-Plugging
	9.5 PCI Passthrough
	9.6 Webcam Passthrough
		9.6.1 Using a Host Webcam in the Guest
		9.6.2 Windows Hosts
		9.6.3 Mac OS X Hosts
		9.6.4 Linux and Oracle Solaris Hosts
	9.7 Advanced Display Configuration
		9.7.1 Custom VESA Resolutions
		9.7.2 Configuring the Maximum Resolution of Guests When Using the Graphical Frontend
	9.8 Advanced Storage Configuration
		9.8.1 Using a Raw Host Hard Disk From a Guest
		9.8.2 Configuring the Hard Disk Vendor Product Data (VPD)
		9.8.3 Access iSCSI Targets Using Internal Networking
	9.9 Legacy Commands for Using Serial Ports
	9.10 Fine Tuning the Oracle VM VirtualBox NAT Engine
		9.10.1 Configuring the Address of a NAT Network Interface
		9.10.2 Configuring the Boot Server (Next Server) of a NAT Network Interface
		9.10.3 Tuning TCP/IP Buffers for NAT
		9.10.4 Binding NAT Sockets to a Specific Interface
		9.10.5 Enabling DNS Proxy in NAT Mode
		9.10.6 Using the Host's Resolver as a DNS Proxy in NAT Mode
		9.10.7 Configuring Aliasing of the NAT Engine
	9.11 Configuring the BIOS DMI Information
	9.12 Configuring Custom ACPI Tables
	9.13 Fine Tuning Timers and Time Synchronization
		9.13.1 Configuring the Guest Time Stamp Counter (TSC) to Reflect Guest Execution
		9.13.2 Accelerate or Slow Down the Guest Clock
		9.13.3 Tuning the Guest Additions Time Synchronization Parameters
		9.13.4 Disabling the Guest Additions Time Synchronization
	9.14 Installing the Alternate Bridged Networking Driver on Oracle Solaris 11 hosts
	9.15 Oracle VM VirtualBox VNIC Templates for VLANs on Oracle Solaris 11 Hosts
	9.16 Configuring Multiple Host-Only Network Interfaces on Oracle Solaris Hosts
	9.17 Configuring the Oracle VM VirtualBox CoreDumper on Oracle Solaris Hosts
	9.18 Oracle VM VirtualBox and Oracle Solaris Kernel Zones
	9.19 Locking Down the Oracle VM VirtualBox GUI
		9.19.1 Customizing the VirtualBox Manager
		9.19.2 VM Selector Customization
		9.19.3 Configure VM Selector Menu Entries
		9.19.4 Configure VM Window Menu Entries
		9.19.5 Configure VM Window Status Bar Entries
		9.19.6 Configure VM Window Visual Modes
		9.19.7 Host Key Customization
		9.19.8 Action when Terminating the VM
		9.19.9 Default Action when Terminating the VM
		9.19.10 Action for Handling a Guru Meditation
		9.19.11 Configuring Automatic Mouse Capturing
		9.19.12 Requesting Legacy Full-Screen Mode
	9.20 Starting the Oracle VM VirtualBox Web Service Automatically
		9.20.1 Linux: Starting the Web Service With init
		9.20.2 Oracle Solaris: Starting the Web Service With SMF
		9.20.3 Mac OS X: Starting the Web Service With launchd
	9.21 Oracle VM VirtualBox Watchdog
		9.21.1 Memory Ballooning Control
		9.21.2 Host Isolation Detection
		9.21.3 More Information
		9.21.4 Linux: Starting the Watchdog Service With init
		9.21.5 Oracle Solaris: Starting the Watchdog Service With SMF
	9.22 Other Extension Packs
	9.23 Starting Virtual Machines During System Boot
		9.23.1 Linux: Starting the Autostart Service With init
		9.23.2 Oracle Solaris: Starting the Autostart Service With SMF
		9.23.3 Mac OS X: Starting the Autostart Service With launchd
	9.24 Oracle VM VirtualBox Expert Storage Management
	9.25 Handling of Host Power Management Events
	9.26 Passing Through SSE4.1/SSE4.2 Instructions
	9.27 Support for Keyboard Indicator Synchronization
	9.28 Capturing USB Traffic for Selected Devices
	9.29 Configuring the Heartbeat Service
	9.30 Encryption of Disk Images
		9.30.1 Limitations of Disk Encryption
		9.30.2 Encrypting Disk Images
		9.30.3 Starting a VM with Encrypted Images
		9.30.4 Decrypting Encrypted Images
	9.31 Paravirtualized Debugging
		9.31.1 Hyper-V Debug Options
	9.32 PC Speaker Passthrough
	9.33 Accessing USB devices Exposed Over the Network with USB/IP
		9.33.1 Setting up USB/IP Support on a Linux System
		9.33.2 Security Considerations
	9.34 Using Hyper-V with Oracle VM VirtualBox
	9.35 Nested Virtualization
	9.36 VISO file format / RTIsoMaker
10 Technical Background
	10.1 Where Oracle VM VirtualBox Stores its Files
		10.1.1 Machines Created by Oracle VM VirtualBox Version 4.0 or Later
		10.1.2 Machines Created by Oracle VM VirtualBox Versions Before 4.0
		10.1.3 Global Configuration Data
		10.1.4 Summary of 4.0 Configuration Changes
		10.1.5 Oracle VM VirtualBox XML Files
	10.2 Oracle VM VirtualBox Executables and Components
	10.3 Hardware vs. Software Virtualization
	10.4 Paravirtualization Providers
	10.5 Details About Software Virtualization
	10.6 Details About Hardware Virtualization
	10.7 Nested Paging and VPIDs
11 Oracle VM VirtualBox Programming Interfaces
12 Troubleshooting
	12.1 Procedures and Tools
		12.1.1 Categorizing and Isolating Problems
		12.1.2 Collecting Debugging Information
		12.1.3 The Built-In VM Debugger
		12.1.4 VM Core Format
	12.2 General Troubleshooting
		12.2.1 Guest Shows IDE/SATA Errors for File-Based Images on Slow Host File System
		12.2.2 Responding to Guest IDE/SATA Flush Requests
		12.2.3 Performance Variation with Frequency Boosting
		12.2.4 Frequency Scaling Effect on CPU Usage
		12.2.5 Inaccurate Windows CPU Usage Reporting
		12.2.6 Poor Performance Caused by Host Power Management
		12.2.7 GUI: 2D Video Acceleration Option is Grayed Out
	12.3 Windows Guests
		12.3.1 No USB 3.0 Support in Windows 7 Guests
		12.3.2 Windows Bluescreens After Changing VM Configuration
		12.3.3 Windows 0x101 Bluescreens with SMP Enabled (IPI Timeout)
		12.3.4 Windows 2000 Installation Failures
		12.3.5 How to Record Bluescreen Information from Windows Guests
		12.3.6 PCnet Driver Failure in 32-bit Windows Server 2003 Guests
		12.3.7 No Networking in Windows Vista Guests
		12.3.8 Windows Guests may Cause a High CPU Load
		12.3.9 Long Delays When Accessing Shared Folders
		12.3.10 USB Tablet Coordinates Wrong in Windows 98 Guests
		12.3.11 Windows Guests are Removed From an Active Directory Domain After Restoring a Snapshot
		12.3.12 Restoring d3d8.dll and d3d9.dll
		12.3.13 Windows 3.x Limited to 64 MB RAM
	12.4 Linux and X11 Guests
		12.4.1 Linux Guests May Cause a High CPU load
		12.4.2 AMD Barcelona CPUs
		12.4.3 Buggy Linux 2.6 Kernel Versions
		12.4.4 Shared Clipboard, Auto-Resizing, and Seamless Desktop in X11 Guests
	12.5 Oracle Solaris Guests
		12.5.1 Older Oracle Solaris 10 Releases Crash in 64-bit Mode
		12.5.2 Certain Oracle Solaris 10 Releases May Take a Long Time to Boot with SMP
		12.5.3 Solaris 8 5/01 and Earlier May Crash on Startup
	12.6 FreeBSD Guests
		12.6.1 FreeBSD 10.0 May Hang with xHCI
	12.7 Windows Hosts
		12.7.1 VBoxSVC Out-of-Process COM Server Issues
		12.7.2 CD/DVD Changes Not Recognized
		12.7.3 Sluggish Response When Using Microsoft RDP Client
		12.7.4 Running an iSCSI Initiator and Target on a Single System
		12.7.5 Bridged Networking Adapters Missing
		12.7.6 Host-Only Networking Adapters Cannot be Created
	12.8 Linux Hosts
		12.8.1 Linux Kernel Module Refuses to Load
		12.8.2 Linux Host CD/DVD Drive Not Found
		12.8.3 Linux Host CD/DVD Drive Not Found (Older Distributions)
		12.8.4 Linux Host Floppy Not Found
		12.8.5 Strange Guest IDE Error Messages When Writing to CD/DVD
		12.8.6 VBoxSVC IPC Issues
		12.8.7 USB Not Working
		12.8.8 PAX/grsec Kernels
		12.8.9 Linux Kernel vmalloc Pool Exhausted
	12.9 Oracle Solaris Hosts
		12.9.1 Cannot Start VM, Not Enough Contiguous Memory
		12.9.2 VM Aborts With Out of Memory Errors on Oracle Solaris 10 Hosts
13 Security Guide
	13.1 General Security Principles
	13.2 Secure Installation and Configuration
		13.2.1 Installation Overview
		13.2.2 Post Installation Configuration
	13.3 Security Features
		13.3.1 The Security Model
		13.3.2 Secure Configuration of Virtual Machines
		13.3.3 Configuring and Using Authentication
		13.3.4 Potentially Insecure Operations
		13.3.5 Encryption
	13.4 Security Recommendations
		13.4.1 CVE-2018-3646
		13.4.2 CVE-2018-12126, CVE-2018-12127, CVE-2018-12130, CVE-2019-11091
14 Known Limitations
	14.1 Experimental Features
	14.2 Known Issues
15 Change Log
	15.1 Version 6.0.x (2019-xx-xx)
	15.2 Version 6.0.12 (2019-09-03)
	15.3 Version 6.0.10 (2019-07-16)
	15.4 Version 6.0.8 (2019-05-13)
	15.5 Version 6.0.6 (2019-04-17)
	15.6 Version 6.0.4 (2019-01-28)
	15.7 Version 6.0.2 (2019-01-15)
	15.8 Version 6.0.0 (2018-12-18)
	15.9 Change Logs for Legacy Versions
16 Third-Party Materials and Licenses
	16.1 Third-Party Materials
	16.2 Third-Party Licenses
		16.2.1 GNU General Public License (GPL)
		16.2.2 GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)
		16.2.3 Mozilla Public License (MPL)
		16.2.4 MIT License
		16.2.5 X Consortium License (X11)
		16.2.6 zlib License
		16.2.7 OpenSSL License
		16.2.8 Slirp License
		16.2.9 liblzf License
		16.2.10 libpng License
		16.2.11 lwIP License
		16.2.12 libxml License
		16.2.13 libxslt Licenses
		16.2.14 gSOAP Public License Version 1.3a
		16.2.15 Chromium Licenses
		16.2.16 curl License
		16.2.17 libgd License
		16.2.18 BSD License from Intel
		16.2.19 libjpeg License
		16.2.20 x86 SIMD Extension for IJG JPEG Library License
		16.2.21 FreeBSD License
		16.2.22 NetBSD License
		16.2.23 PCRE License
		16.2.24 libffi License
		16.2.25 FLTK License
		16.2.26 Expat License
		16.2.27 Fontconfig License
		16.2.28 Freetype License
		16.2.29 VPX License
		16.2.30 Opus License
		16.2.31 FUSE for macOS License
17 Oracle VM VirtualBox Privacy Information
Glossary