Oracle Data Guard 11G Handbook

Contents......Page 10
Foreword......Page 18
Acknowledgments......Page 20
Introduction......Page 22
1 Data Guard Architecture......Page 26
What Is Redo?......Page 27
Synchronous Redo Transport......Page 30
Asynchronous Redo Transport......Page 32
Automatic Gap Resolution......Page 34
Apply Services......Page 36
Redo Apply (Physical Standby)......Page 37
SQL Apply (Logical Standby)......Page 40
Can’t Decide? Then Use Both!......Page 42
Maximum Availability......Page 43
Role Management Services......Page 44
Switchover......Page 45
Failover......Page 46
Data Guard Management......Page 49
Offload Read-Only Queries and Reporting......Page 51
Testing......Page 52
Conclusion......Page 54
2 Implementing Oracle Data Guard......Page 56
Plan Before You Implement......Page 57
Determining Your Requirements......Page 58
Understanding the Configuration Options......Page 60
Relating the RPO and RTO to the Protection Mode......Page 87
Choosing Your Interface......Page 88
Before You Start......Page 89
Using Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control......Page 90
The Power User Method......Page 103
Creating a Logical Standby......Page 123
Data Guard and Oracle Real Application Clusters......Page 130
Conclusion......Page 131
3 Redo Processing......Page 132
ACID Properties......Page 133
Oracle Recovery......Page 134
Nologging Operations......Page 136
The Components of a Physical Standby......Page 139
Real-time Apply......Page 142
Scaling and Tuning Data Guard Apply Recovery......Page 143
Parallel Media Recovery......Page 144
Tools and Views for Monitoring Physical Standby Recovery......Page 145
11g New Data Protection Changes......Page 149
Data Protection and Checking on a Physical Standby......Page 150
Conclusion......Page 151
4 Logical Standby......Page 152
Characterizing the Dataset Replicated from the Primary Database......Page 154
Protecting Replicated Tables on a Logical Standby......Page 159
Customizing Your Logical Standby Database (or Creating a Local Dataset at the Logical Standby)......Page 166
Looking Inside SQL Apply......Page 170
Tuning SQL Apply......Page 182
Determining Whether SQL Apply Is Lagging......Page 183
Determining Which SQL Apply Component Is the Bottleneck......Page 184
Understanding Restarts in SQL Apply......Page 189
Troubleshooting Stopped SQL Apply......Page 192
Conclusion......Page 195
5 Implementing Oracle Data Guard Broker......Page 196
Overview of the Data Guard Broker......Page 197
The Broker Process Model......Page 198
The Broker Process Flow......Page 199
The Broker Configuration Files......Page 201
The Broker CLI......Page 203
Configuring the Broker Parameters......Page 204
The Broker and Oracle Net Services......Page 208
RAC and the Broker......Page 212
Connecting to the Broker......Page 215
Creating and Enabling a Broker Configuration......Page 218
Changing the Broker Configuration Properties......Page 225
Changing the State of a Database......Page 236
Changing the Protection Mode......Page 237
Monitoring Data Guard Using the Broker......Page 239
Removing the Broker......Page 241
Conclusion......Page 242
6 Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control Integration......Page 244
Accessing the Data Guard Features......Page 245
Configuring Data Guard Broker with OEM Grid Control......Page 246
Verify Configuration and Adding Standby Redo Logs......Page 249
Viewing Metrics......Page 251
Modifying Metrics......Page 252
Viewing the Alert Log File......Page 253
Enabling Flashback Database......Page 255
Reviewing Performance......Page 256
Changing Protection Modes......Page 259
Editing Standby Database Properties......Page 261
Performing a Switchover......Page 263
Performing a Manual Failover......Page 265
Fast-Start Failover......Page 268
Creating a Logical Standby......Page 269
Removing a Standby Database from Broker Control......Page 275
Keeping an Eye on Availability......Page 277
Conclusion......Page 280
7 Monitoring Data Guard Implementations......Page 282
Monitoring the Data Guard Environment......Page 283
Mining the Alert Log File (PS+LS)......Page 284
Gathering Statistical Information from Archive Log History (PS+LS)......Page 289
Detecting Archive Log Gaps (PS+LS)......Page 291
Identifying Delays in Redo Transport (PS)......Page 293
Monitoring Archive Log Destinations (PS+LS)......Page 294
Examining Apply Rate and Active Rate (PS)......Page 296
Reviewing Transport and Apply Lag (PS+LS)......Page 297
Determining the Current Time on the Standby Database (PS)......Page 298
Reporting the Status of Managed Recovery Process (PS)......Page 300
Data Guard Menu Utility......Page 301
Reviewing the Current Data Guard Environment......Page 302
Checking the Password File (PS+LS)......Page 303
Checking for Nologging Activities (PS+LS)......Page 304
Looking at Archivelog Mode and Destinations (PS+LS)......Page 307
Revealing Errors in the Data Guard Status View (PS)......Page 309
Logical Standby Data Guard Menu......Page 310
Conclusion......Page 321
8 Switchover and Failover......Page 324
Switchover......Page 325
Failover......Page 327
Flashback Technologies and Data Guard......Page 334
Preparatory Checks......Page 336
Preprocessing Steps......Page 339
Switching over to a Physical Standby......Page 340
Switching over to a Logical Standby......Page 345
Using the Broker or Grid Control to Switchover......Page 348
Performing a Failover......Page 349
Failing over to a Physical Standby......Page 351
Failing over to a Logical Standby......Page 353
Bringing Back the Old Primary......Page 354
Using the Broker or Grid Control to Failover......Page 359
Automatic Failover......Page 360
Conclusion......Page 373
9 Active Data Guard......Page 374
Physical Standby—Open Read-Only......Page 375
Why Read-Only?......Page 376
The Downside of Read-Only or Read-Write Mode......Page 377
Snapshot Standby for QA and Test Environments......Page 378
Real Application Testing......Page 389
Snapshot Standbys in Oracle Database 11g......Page 382
Database Replay......Page 390
SQL Performance Analyzer......Page 395
Active Data Guard......Page 396
Configuring Active Data Guard......Page 399
Conclusion......Page 401
10 Automating Site and Client Failover......Page 402
Complete Site Failover......Page 403
The Nitty Gritty......Page 404
Connection Load Balancing and Connect Time Failover......Page 405
Outbound Connect Timeout......Page 406
Transparent Application Failover......Page 407
Fast Application Notification......Page 409
The DB_ROLE_CHANGE System Event......Page 411
Complete Site Failover Configuration......Page 412
Conclusion......Page 419
11 Minimizing Planned Downtime Using Data Guard Switchover......Page 420
Overview of Planned Migration......Page 421
Case 2–Move to ASM......Page 422
Performing a Database Rolling Upgrade Using Data Guard......Page 423
Leveraging Rolling Upgrades Using SQL Apply......Page 424
Rolling Upgrades Using Transient Logical Standby......Page 427
Conclusion......Page 433
12 Backup and Recovery Considerations......Page 434
RMAN Basics......Page 435
Block Change Tracking Support......Page 436
RMAN Configuration in Data Guard......Page 437
Example Configuration for a Primary Database......Page 439
Backup Strategies......Page 440
Full Backups on Primary......Page 442
Backup as Copy......Page 444
Image Copy Rolled Forward......Page 445
Backups on a Standby Database......Page 448
Block Corruption......Page 451
User Errors......Page 454
Loss of a Datafile on a Primary Database......Page 455
Loss of a Datafile on a Standby Database......Page 456
Loss of an Online Redo Log File......Page 457
Incomplete Recovery of the Primary Database......Page 461
Recover a Missing Datafile from a Backup Taken on the Standby......Page 462
General Best Practices......Page 465
Conclusion......Page 466
13 Troubleshooting Data Guard......Page 468
Database Alert Logs......Page 469
Data Guard Trace Files......Page 472
Data Guard Broker Log Files and Tools......Page 473
Dynamic Performance Views......Page 474
Common Management Issues......Page 475
Physical Standby Issues......Page 481
Logical Standby Database Failures......Page 484
Switchover Issues......Page 486
Failover Issues......Page 488
Data Guard Broker Issues......Page 489
Avoid Using the NOLOGGING Clause......Page 493
OMF—Copying Control File......Page 494
Conclusion......Page 495
14 Deployment Architectures......Page 496
Manufacturing Company: HA Configuration......Page 498
Utility Company: Zero Data Loss HA/DR......Page 501
Retail Brokerage Firm: HA/DR with Zero Data Loss and Extended Geographic Separation......Page 503
Government Agency: Protection from Multi-site Threats......Page 505
Pharmaceutical Company: Centralized HA/DR and Data Distribution......Page 508
Web Retailer: HA/DR with Reader-farm Scale Out......Page 509
Insurance Company: Maximum Availability Architecture......Page 511
Conclusion......Page 513
A Data Guard vs. Array-based Remote Mirroring Solutions......Page 516
The Basics......Page 517
Performance......Page 518
Reliability......Page 519
Final Thoughts......Page 520
A......Page 522
B......Page 523
C......Page 524
D......Page 525
F......Page 528
G......Page 529
L......Page 530
M......Page 532
O......Page 533
P......Page 534
R......Page 536
S......Page 538
T......Page 540
W......Page 542
Z......Page 543