Optics, Photonics and Laser Technology 2018 (Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 223)

Organization
	Conference Chair
	Program Chair
	Program Committee
	Additional Reviewer
	Invited Speakers
Preface
Contents
Contributors
1 Optical Scatter—Techniques and Analysis
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Optical Sensing and Media Metrology
		1.2.1 Laser Reflection and Scatter: Defects and Surfaces
		1.2.2 Optical Sensing for Scatterometry
		1.2.3 Laser Triangulation Sensing
	1.3 Fabrication of Optical and Semiconductor Surfaces
		1.3.1 Spindle: Torque Offset and Thermal Stability
		1.3.2 Tool-Holder Stage: Positional Accuracy and Backlash
		1.3.3 Spindle: Dynamic Axial and Radial Instability
		1.3.4 Spindle: Error Motion Analysis for Product Formation
		1.3.5 Cutting Tool: Impact of Error Motion
		1.3.6 Product Analysis: Surface, Defect, Thin Film Inspection
		1.3.7 Scatterometry: Future Applications in the Environment
	1.4 Conclusions
	References
2 Centimeter-Resolution Long-Distance Optical Fiber Monitoring
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Reflectometry Strategies for Optical Fiber Monitoring
	2.3 Fault Location Algorithms
	2.4 Long-Distance Centimeter-Resolution Monitoring Mediated by Fault Location Algorithm
	2.5 Monitoring Different Optical Fiber Links
	2.6 Tunability, Coherence, Chromatic Dispersion and Spatial Resolution
	2.7 Conclusions
	References
3 Characterization of High Speed Optical Detectors by Using a Mode Separating Fiber
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Characterization Method
	3.3 Mode Separating Fiber
	3.4 The Detectors
	3.5 Measurement Results
		3.5.1 Reference
		3.5.2 Detectors Under Test
		3.5.3 Discussion
		3.5.4 A Closer Look
	3.6 Conclusions
	References
4 Polarization Modulated Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers in Quantum Key Distribution
	4.1 Quantum Key Distribution
		4.1.1 Necessity of QKD in Cryptography
		4.1.2 QKD Protocols and Practical Implementations
		4.1.3 Examples of Simple DV-QKD Protocols
	4.2 VCSELs in QKD Systems
		4.2.1 Advantages of VCSELs over EELs in QKD
		4.2.2 Drawback: Polarization Switching
	4.3 Polarization Modulation and a Newly Proposed BB84 Transmitter Design
		4.3.1 Proposed Design for BB84 Transmitters
		4.3.2 On-Demand Polarization Switching
		4.3.3 Difficulties in the New Design
	4.4 Spectral Attacks and Protection
	4.5 Conclusion
	References
5 Tm Based Solid-State Lasers—Toward High Power Tunability—A Review
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Tm Laser Characterizes
		5.2.1 Tm3+ Ion Spectroscopy
		5.2.2 Tm Host Materials Properties
	5.3 Tunability Methods and Results
		5.3.1 Prism Tuning
		5.3.2 Grating Tuning
		5.3.3 Volume Bragg Gratings Tuning
		5.3.4 Birefringent Filters Tuning
		5.3.5 Febry-Perot Etalon Tuning
	5.4 Pulsed Laser Tunability
	5.5 Tunability Tm Lasers Overview
	5.6 Conclusions
	References
6 A Dual-Wavelength Widely Tunable C-Band SOA-Based Fiber Laser for Continuous Wave Terahertz Generation
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Various Sources for Terahertz Generation
	6.3 Optical Sources for Terahertz Generation
		6.3.1 Pulsed Lasers Systems
		6.3.2 Continuous Wave Optical Laser Sources
	6.4 Resonance Absorption Based THz Sources
		6.4.1 Photoconductive Emitters
		6.4.2 Semiconductor Surface Emitters
		6.4.3 Gas Ionization
		6.4.4 Intra-molecular Charge Generation Via Photoinduction
	6.5 Non-resonant Nonlinear Interactions Based THz Sources
		6.5.1 Difference Frequency Generation
	6.6 Non-resonant Optical Rectification
		6.6.1 Cherenkov Crystal Geometry
		6.6.2 Excitation via Tilted Optical Pump Beams
		6.6.3 Quasi-phase Matching
	6.7 Novel Single Fiber Optical Laser Source Utilizing Difference Frequency Generation for Terahertz Emission
		6.7.1 Experimental Optical Source Architecture
		6.7.2 Dual-Wavelength Amplification and Single/Dual Output Port Operation
		6.7.3 Dual-Wavelength Optical Beam Tunability and Optical Power Stability
		6.7.4 Single and Dual Output Port Operation Characterization
		6.7.5 Continuous Wave THz Emission Generation and Detection
	6.8 Conclusion
	References
7 Reliability Challenges of Nanoscale Avalanche Photodiodes for High-Speed Fiber-Optic Communications
	7.1 Introduction
		7.1.1 Datacenter Network
		7.1.2 Wireless Network
		7.1.3 Passive Optical Network
		7.1.4 Telecommunication Network
	7.2 APD Light Detectors
		7.2.1 Reverse IV and Dark Current
		7.2.2 Electric Field Control
		7.2.3 Temperature Stability
		7.2.4 Bandwidth
		7.2.5 Sensitivity
	7.3 Device Miniaturization
	7.4 Future Reliability Challenges
		7.4.1 Optical and Electrical Overload Stress
		7.4.2 Reliability Aging
		7.4.3 Electrostatic Discharge
	7.5 Conclusions
	References
8 Miniaturized Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Sensor Systems—Opportunities and Challenges
	8.1 SPR Principle, Current Applications and Future Evolution
	8.2 Current Approaches to Miniaturized SPR Systems
	8.3 Technical Aspects for the Design of Miniaturized SPR Sensors
	8.4 Outlook
	References
9 Photonics-Enhanced Image-Detection Sensing of Multiphase Flows
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Laser-CMOS Sensor Architecture
		9.2.1 Photonic Subsystems
		9.2.2 Data Acquisition and Digital Signal Processing
	9.3 Experimental Bubble Characterization Results
		9.3.1 Air Bubble Concentration Calculation
		9.3.2 Analysis of Bubbles’ Shape
		9.3.3 Bubbles’ Speed Calculation
	9.4 Conclusion
	References
10 Numerical Simulation of the Plasma Inside a Glow Discharge Millimeter Wave Detector
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Gas Discharge Plasmas
	10.3 THz and MM-Waves
	10.4 Glow Discharge Detectors
	10.5 Validation of the PIC/MCC Simulation Code
	10.6 Parallel 1d3v PIC/MCC Simulation of GDD
	10.7 Simulation Results (Pure Neon Gas)
	10.8 Simulation Results (Ne-Ar Mixture)
	10.9 Conclusions
	References
11 Dictionary Construction Method for Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Correlation Imaging
	11.1 Introduction
		11.1.1 Hyperspectral Correlation Imaging
		11.1.2 Correlation Reconstruction via Sparse Dictionary Constraint
	11.2 Sparse Representation and Dictionary Construction Theory
		11.2.1 Sparse Representation Theory
		11.2.2 Sparse Coding Algorithms
		11.2.3 Sparse Dictionary Construction Theory
	11.3 Hyperspectral Sparse Dictionary Construction Method for Correlation Imaging
		11.3.1 Sparse Representation in Hyperspectral Correlation Imaging
		11.3.2 The Fixed and Sample Hyperspectral Sparse Dictionary Construction
		11.3.3 Training Dictionary Construction
		11.3.4 Hyperspectral Sparse Dictionary Construction of Different Class
	11.4 Sparse Dictionary Selection and Optimization Method in the Reconstruction
		11.4.1 Dictionary Adaptive Selection Method in Correlation Reconstruction
		11.4.2 Optimized Adaptive Dictionary Selection Strategy Based on Spatially Neighboring Pixels
	11.5 Application of Hyper-spectral Sparse Dictionary in Real Imaging System
		11.5.1 Sparse Dictionary Application in the Hyperspectral Correlation Imaging System Based on LCTF
		11.5.2 Sparse Dictionary Application in the Single Exposure Correlation Hyperspectral Imaging System
	11.6 Conclusions
	References
Author Index
Subject Index