OPLL: Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Cover\r......Page 1
Contents......Page 9
Contributors......Page 12
1. Introduction......Page 18
History of Research......Page 19
2. Epidemiology......Page 21
Overview of Epidemiology and Genetics......Page 22
OPLL - Disease Entity, Incidence, Literature Search, and Prognosis......Page 25
Genetic Susceptibility to OPLL......Page 32
Overview of Etiology and Pathogenesis......Page 39
Etiology and Pathogenesis......Page 42
Contribution of Metabolic Conditions to Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament of the Spine......Page 45
Review of Histopathological Studies on OPLL of the Cervical Spine, with Insights into the Mechanism......Page 49
Pathology of Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum......Page 56
Possible Roles of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Transforming Growth Factor-bs in the Pathogenesis of OPLL and OLF......Page 65
3. Pathology and Pathogenesis......Page 70
Pathology of Spinal Cord Lesions Caused by Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament......Page 71
Tiptoe Walking ( ttw ) Mouse......Page 77
Study of Ligament Ossification and Abnormal Glucose Tolerance in the Zucker Fatty Rat......Page 82
Experimental Murine Model of Ossification of Spinal Ligaments Induced by Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2......Page 97
Spinal Cord Lesions in Spinal Hyperostotic Mouse (twy/twy) Simulating Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament of the Cervical Spine......Page 105
4. Diagnosis of OPLL and OYL......Page 112
Diagnosis of OPLL and OYL - Overview......Page 113
Clinical Manifestation of Cervical OPLL......Page 116
Clinical Manifestations of Thoracic OPLL and OLF......Page 121
Diagnostic Imaging of Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament......Page 126
Imaging Diagnosis of Thoracic OPLL and OLF......Page 143
Electrophysiological Diagnosis of Cervical OPLL Myelopathy......Page 149
5. Treatment of OPLL and OLF......Page 160
Overview of Treatment for Ossification of the Longitudinal Ligament and the Ligamentum Flavum......Page 161
Pharmacotherapy for Ossification of the Spinal Ligaments: Clinical Trial of Disodium (1-Hydroxyethylidene) Diphosphonate to Inhibit Progression of Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament in the Cervical Spine after Posterior Decompression Surgery......Page 164
Conservative Treatment of Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament in the Cervical Spine......Page 172
Choice of Surgical Procedure......Page 176
Expansive Laminoplasty......Page 181
Expansive Open-door Laminoplasty for Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament of the Cervical Spine: Surgical Indications, Technique, and Outcomes......Page 186
Double-door Laminoplasty by Splitting Spinous Processes......Page 193
Anterior Cervical Decompression for Cervical Myelopathy Caused by Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament......Page 200
Treatment of OPLL and OLF of the Cervical Spine - Long-Term Results......Page 210
Choice of Surgical Procedures for Thoracic Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament......Page 215
Anterior Decompression and Fusion for Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament of the Thoracic Spine: Procedure and Clinical Outcomes of Transthoracic and Transsternal Approaches......Page 221
Circumspinal Decompression with Dekyphosis Stabilization for Thoracic Myelopathy due to Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament......Page 225
Posterior Extensive Cervicothoracic Laminoplasty......Page 231
Anterior Decompression Through Posterior Approach for Thoracic Myelopathy Caused by OPLL - Ohtsuka Procedure......Page 238
Surgical Treatment for Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament of the Thoracic Spine: Outcomes of One-Stage Posterior Decompression with Corrective Fusion Surgery......Page 248
Surgery for Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum......Page 254
Computer-Aided Surgery for Ossification of the Spinal Ligaments......Page 259
Surgical Treatment of Thoracic Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament - Intraoperative Spinal Cord Monitoring......Page 267
Intraoperative Ultrasonography for Patients with Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament......Page 275
Appendix......Page 286
Subject Index......Page 290