Opera in America: A Cultural History

Opera in America
	CONTENTS
	PREFACE
	ACT ONE— ORIGINS, 1735–1836
		Chapter One— The Garcías at the Park
		Chapter Two— England and Italy
		Chapter Three— New Orleans
		Chapter Four— Buildings and Audiences
		Chapter Five— Philadelphia
		Chapter Six— Three American Theaters
		Chapter Seven— A Columbia Professor
		Interlude: Maria Malibran
	ACT TWO— EXPANSION, 1836–1863
		Chapter Eight— The Bohemian Girl
		Chapter Nine— William Fry and the American Muse
		Chapter Ten— Gold Rush
		Chapter Eleven— New Orleans and Havana
		Chapter Twelve— The Song of the Nightingale
		Chapter Thirteen— Mario and Three Divas
		Chapter Fourteen— Boston
		Chapter Fifteen— Gardens and Academies
		Chapter Sixteen— A Letter from Max Maretzek
		Chapter Seventeen— Sweet Adeline
		Interlude: Walt Whitman
	ACT THREE— MONOPOLY, 1863–1903
		Chapter Eighteen— Erie, Eros, and Offenbach
		Chapter Nineteen— Gilbert and Sullivan: From Gérolstein to Graustark
		Chapter Twenty— The Building of the Metropolitan Opera House
		Chapter Twenty-One— The Queen of Song
		Chapter Twenty-Two— Leopold Damrosch and the Triumph of Wagner
		Chapter Twenty-Three— Chicago
		Chapter Twenty-Four— On Tour
		Chapter Twenty-Five— Local Glories
		Chapter Twenty-Six— End of the Century
		Interlude: Lillian Nordica
	ACT FOUR— MODERNISM, 1903–1921
		Chapter Twenty-Seven— The Wagnerian Aftermath
		Chapter Twenty-Eight— Oscar and Goliath
		Chapter Twenty-Nine— Whiskey Per Tutti
		Chapter Thirty— Virtuoso Conductors
		Chapter Thirty-One— Boston Renaissance
		Chapter Thirty-Two— The American Muse Again
		Chapter Thirty-Three— Treemonisha
		Interlude: Enrico Caruso and Geraldine Farrar
	ACT FIVE— TECHNOLOGY, 1921–1950
		Chapter Thirty-Four— Chicago and Samuel Insull
		Chapter Thirty-Five— Otto Kahn and the Metropolitan
		Chapter Thirty-Six— After the Crash
		Chapter Thirty-Seven— The Nordic Winged Victory
		Chapter Thirty-Eight— Four Saints and Porgy and Bess
		Chapter Thirty-Nine— New Deal America in Peace and War
		Interlude: Milton Cross
	ACT SIX— EMPIRE, 1950–
		Chapter Forty— The New Audience
		Chapter Forty-One— Marian Anderson
		Chapter Forty-Two— New York Opera
		Chapter Forty-Three— The New Places
		Chapter Forty-Four— The Song of the Thrush
		Chapter Forty-Five— Three Operatic Monuments
		Chapter Forty-Six— Sarah Caldwell Presents
		Chapter Forty-Seven— Mozart in America
		Finale— Maria Callas
	NOTES
		Act One— Origins
			Chapter 1— The Garcías at the Park
			Chapter 2— England and Italy
			Chapter 3— New Orleans
			Chapter 4— Buildings and Audiences
			Chapter 5— Philadelphia
			Chapter 6— Three American Theaters
			Chapter 7— A Columbia Professor
			Interlude: Maria Malibran
		Act Two— Expansion
			Chapter 8— The Bohemian Girl
			Chapter 9— William Fry and the American Muse
			Chapter 10— Gold Rush
			Chapter 11— New Orleans and Havana
			Chapter 12— The Song of the Nightingale
			Chapter 13— Mario and Three Divas
			Chapter 14— Boston
			Chapter 15— Gardens and Academies
			Chapter 16— A Letter from Max Maretzek
			Chapter 17— Sweet Adeline
			Interlude: Walt Whitman
		Act Three— Monopoly
			Chapter 18— Erie, Eros, and Offenbach
			Chapter 19— Gilbert and Sullivan
			Chapter 20— The Building of the Metropolitan Opera House
			Chapter 21— The Queen of Song
			Chapter 22— Leopold Damrosch and the Triumph of Wagner
			Chapter 23— Chicago
			Chapter 24— On Tour
			Chapter 25— Local Glories
			Chapter 26— End of the Century
			Interlude: Lillian Nordica
		Act Four— Modernism
			Chapter 27— The Wagnerian Aftermath
			Chapter 28— Oscar and Goliath
			Chapter 29— Whiskey Per Tutti
			Chapter 30— Virtuoso Conductors
			Chapter 31— Boston Renaissance
			Chapter 32— The American Muse Again
			Chapter 33— Treemonisha
			Interlude: Enrico Caruso and Geraldine Farrar
		Act Five— Technology
			Chapter 34— Chicago and Samuel Insull
			Chapter 35— Otto Kahn and the Metropolitan
			Chapter 36— After the Crash
			Chapter 37— The Nordic Winged Victory
			Chapter 38— Four Saints and Porgy and Bess
			Chapter 39— New Deal America in Peace and War
			Interlude: Milton Cross
		Act Six— Empire
			Chapter 40— The New Audience
			Chapter 41— Marian Anderson
			Chapter 42— New York Opera
			Chapter 43— The New Places
			Chapter 44— The Song of the Thrush
			Chapter 45— Three Operatic Monuments
			Chapter 46— Sarah Caldwell Presents
			Chapter 47— Mozart in America
			Finale: Maria Callas
	INDEX
		A
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		I
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