On the Bi-Axial In-Plane Behavior of Laminated Paperboard Components in Construction: A Representative Engineering Model

Acknowledgement
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Résumé
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Glossaries
	Abbreviations
	Symbols
1 Introduction
	1.1 Motivation
	1.2 Topics and Scientific Objective
	1.3 Outline
2 Production Processes, Application and Testing
	2.1 Production Process of Paper
	2.2 Paper Products
	2.3 Paper in Architecture
	2.4 Adhesives
		2.4.1 PVA Adhesive
		2.4.2 Epoxy Resin
	2.5 Experimental Test Methods
		2.5.1 In-Plane Shear
			2.5.1.1 V-Notch Shear Beam Test
			2.5.1.2 Shear Test by 45 Degrees Tensile Test Method
		2.5.2 Out-of-Plane Properties
			2.5.2.1 Double-Cantilever-Beam Test
			2.5.2.2 End-Notched-Flexure Test
			2.5.2.3 ARCAN’s Device Tests
		2.5.3 Test and Measurement Equipment Specifications
	2.6 Conclusion
3 Mechanical Model for the Single Paperboard Sheet
	3.1 General Properties
	3.2 Fundamental Mechanical Models
		3.2.1 Orthotropic Elasticity
		3.2.2 Failure Criteria
	3.3 Aimed Options and Properties
	3.4 Numerical Model
	3.5 Experimental Investigations
	3.6 Conclusion
4 Engineering Model for Paperboard Laminates
	4.1 Material Assumptions and Conditions
	4.2 Layer Properties
	4.3 Inter-Layer Properties
	4.4 Laminate Production Process
	4.5 Laminate Properties
		4.5.1 In-Plane Properties
			4.5.1.1 Reproducibility Tests
			4.5.1.2 Tensile Behavior
			4.5.1.3 Compressive Behavior
			4.5.1.4 Shear Behavior
			4.5.1.5 Bi-Axial Strength Properties
		4.5.2 Out-of-Plane Properties
	4.6 Failure Modes
	4.7 Model Setup
		4.7.1 Classical Laminate Theory Model
		4.7.2 Analytical Model: Representation of Compressive Strength Behavior
			4.7.2.1 Literature Review
			4.7.2.2 Equivalent Member Method EULER Beam Model
			4.7.2.3 Equivalent Member Method Shear Stiff Model
			4.7.2.4 Equivalent Member Method Shear Limit Model
			4.7.2.5 Comparison
		4.7.3 Numerical Model
	4.8 Conclusion
5 Analysis of In-Plane Loading - Case Studies
	5.1 Axial Compression
	5.2 Compression by Bending
	5.3 Compression by Plate Shear of Bolt Connected Components
		5.3.1 Experimental Investigation
		5.3.2 Numerical Investigation
	5.4 Conclusion
6 Design Methodology
	6.1 Standards
		6.1.1 Overview
		6.1.2 Comparison: Construction Standards - Paper Standards
	6.2 Design Approaches for In-Plane Loading of Paperboard Laminates
		6.2.1 Link to Existing Construction Standards
		6.2.2 Implementation of Security Factors
		6.2.3 Simplified Failure Criterion
		6.2.4 Alternative Failure Criteria
			6.2.4.1 Yield Stress at Bi-Linearity Transition Point
			6.2.4.2 Yield Stress by Strain Limits - 0.2 % Offset Method
			6.2.4.3 Safety Level for Compressive Loading
	6.3 Conclusion
7 Conclusion and Outlook
	7.1 Conclusion
	7.2 Future Research
References and Regulations
	References
	Regulations
Appendix A Data Sheets
	A.1 Paperboard
	A.2 PVA Adhesive
Appendix B Test Results
	B.1 Tests on Tubes
	B.2 Tests on Edge Protectors
	B.3 Tensile Test - Spring Model
Appendix C Scripts
	C.1 TSAI-WU Envelope Fit Quality
	C.2 Compressive Strength via Shear Stiff Model - Solution via Matlab Code
	C.3 Tensile Test Simulation - APDL Code