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دانلود کتاب Offshore Electrical Engineering Manual
دانلود کتاب کتابچه راهنمای مهندسی برق دریایی
مشخصات کتاب
Offshore Electrical Engineering Manual
ویرایش:
نویسندگان: Geoff MacAngus-Gerrard
سری:
ISBN (شابک) : 9780123854995, 0123854997
ناشر: Gulf Professional Publishing
سال نشر: 2017
تعداد صفحات: 554
[469]
زبان: English
فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود)
حجم فایل: 32 Mb
قیمت کتاب (تومان) : 37,000
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Offshore Electrical Engineering Manual به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب کتابچه راهنمای مهندسی برق دریایی نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب کتابچه راهنمای مهندسی برق دریایی
کتابچه راهنمای مهندسی برق دریایی، ویرایش دوم، برای مهندسان برقی است که بر روی پروژه های دریایی کار می کنند که به دانش دقیق مجموعه ای از تجهیزات و سیستم های توزیع نیرو نیاز دارند. کتاب با پوشش انواع مختلف عایق، دمای نقاط داغ، افزایش دما، دمای هوای محیط، مبنای رتبه‌بندی ماشین‌ها، روش اندازه‌گیری افزایش دما با مقاومت، اندازه‌گیری دمای هوای محیط آغاز می‌شود. به دنبال آن پوشش ژنراتورهای AC، تنظیم کننده های ولتاژ خودکار، ترانسفورماتورهای تابلو برق AC و سیستم های الکترونیکی قابل برنامه ریزی انجام می شود. در کل تاکید بر تکنیک‌های کاربردی و آماده‌ای است که مزایای فوری و مقرون به صرفه را به همراه دارند. اکثر سیستم‌های تحت پوشش کتاب با ولتاژ اسمی 24 y dc کار می‌کنند و اگرچه لازم نیست هر یک از سیستم‌ها سیستم‌های باتری و شارژر باتری جداگانه داشته باشند، معیارهای گروه‌بندی نیاز به بحث دقیق‌تری دارد. این کتاب همچنین اطلاعاتی در مورد تجهیزاتی مانند شارژرها و باتری‌های دوگانه برای سیستم‌های حیاتی خاص، خاموش/بستن تابلو برق، و باتری‌های استارت موتور که به تجهیزاتی که آنها عرضه می‌کنند اختصاص داده شده است، ارائه می‌کند. در مورد موتورهایی که پمپ های آتش نشانی را به حرکت در می آورند، شارژ و باتری های تکراری نیز مورد نیاز است. این اثر که با نمودارها، جداول و نمودارها بسته شده است، در نظر گرفته شده است که هم برای خوانندگان فنی و هم برای خوانندگان عمومی جالب باشد. این مهندسی برق را در موقعیت‌های فراساحلی پوشش می‌دهد، با بسیاری از اطلاعات به دست آمده در دریای شمال. برخی از موضوعات تحت پوشش عبارتند از الزامات برق دریایی، انتخاب ژنراتور، درایورهای فرآیند و الزامات راه اندازی، سیستم های کنترل و نظارت، و کابل کشی و نصب تجهیزات بحث در مورد نحوه انجام بازرسی سیستم های الکتریکی و ابزار دقیق بر روی تجهیزات با استفاده از مقررات و مشخصات مناسب نحوه اطمینان از سیستم های الکتریکی را توضیح می دهد. / اجزاء نگهداری می شوند و تولید بدون وقفه نشان می دهد که چگونه برای تعمیر، اصلاح و نصب ابزار الکتریکی اطمینان حاصل شود که مطابق با مقررات و مشخصات فعلی است. انتخاب AC و طرح های کابل کشی دریایی
توضیحاتی درمورد کتاب به خارجی
Offshore Electrical Engineering Manual, Second Edition, is for electrical engineers working on offshore projects who require detailed knowledge of an array of equipment and power distribution systems. The book begins with coverage of different types of insulation, hot-spot temperatures, temperature rise, ambient air temperatures, basis of machine ratings, method of measurement of temperature rise by resistance, measurement of ambient air temperature. This is followed by coverage of AC generators, automatic voltage regulators, AC switchgear transformers, and programmable electronic systems. The emphasis throughout is on practical, ready-to-apply techniques that yield immediate and cost-effective benefits. The majority of the systems covered in the book operate at a nominal voltage of 24 y dc and, although it is not necessary for each of the systems to have separate battery and battery charger systems, the grouping criteria require more detailed discussion. The book also provides information on equipment such as dual chargers and batteries for certain vital systems, switchgear tripping/closing, and engine start batteries which are dedicated to the equipment they supply. In the case of engines which drive fire pumps, duplicate charges and batteries are also required. Packed with charts, tables, and diagrams, this work is intended to be of interest to both technical readers and to general readers. It covers electrical engineering in offshore situations, with much of the information gained in the North Sea. Some topics covered are offshore power requirements, generator selection, process drivers and starting requirements, control and monitoring systems, and cabling and equipment installation Discusses how to perform inspections of electrical and instrument systems on equipment using appropriate regulations and specifications Explains how to ensure electrical systems/components are maintained and production is uninterrupted Demonstrates how to repair, modify, and install electrical instruments ensuring compliance with current regulations and specifications Covers specification, management, and technical evaluation of offshore electrical system design Features evaluation and optimization of electrical system options including DC/AC selection and offshore cabling designs
فهرست مطالب
Notice-From-the-Author_2018_Offshore-Electrical-Engineering-Manual Notice From the Author Front-Matter_2018_Offshore-Electrical-Engineering-Manual Offshore Electrical Engineering Manual Copyright_2018_Offshore-Electrical-Engineering-Manual Copyright Preface-to-Second-Edition_2018_Offshore-Electrical-Engineering-Manual Preface to Second Edition Acknowledgements_2018_Offshore-Electrical-Engineering-Manual Acknowledgements First Edition, Offshore Electrical Engineering (See Revision Notes) Revision Notes SECOND Edition, Offshore Electrical Engineering Manual 1 1 - The Offshore Electrical Dimension Introduction Marine Environment Hazards Offshore Gas Crude Oil and Condensates Operational Hazards Electrical System Design Criteria Description of a Typical System Main Prime Movers Key Services or Submain Generators Medium-Voltage Distribution Low-Voltage Distribution Emergency or Basic Services Switchboard Fire Pumps Secure Alternating Current and Direct Current Power Supplies Drilling Supplies 2 2 - The Offshore Electrical Environment Introduction Safety Isolated Situation Environment Water Hazards Hydrocarbon Hazards Fire and Gas Monitoring Emergency Shutdown System Safe and Hazardous Area Ventilation Distribution Configuration Modular Construction Subsea Cable Versus On-Board Generation 3 1 - Insulation and Temperature Ratings of Equipment Insulating Materials Hot-Spot Temperatures Temperature Rise Ambient Air Temperatures Basis of Machine Ratings Method of Measurement of Temperature Rise by Resistance Measurement of Ambient Air Temperature Typical Alternator Heat Run Procedure Do Not Readjust AVR During Heat Run Ratings for Variable Speed Motors Thermal Overloads and Motor Thermal Protection ATEX EX ‘E’ Increased Safety Certified Motors Acknowledgments 4 2 - Alternating Current Synchronous Generators Introduction Principals of Operation Speed Generating Voltage Subtransient Reactance Transient Reactance Power Factor The Brushless Alternator Generator Capability Diagram Parallel Operation of Generators Load Sharing of Generators Note on Compounding Load–Voltage Characteristics (Regulation) 5 3 - Emergency Generators Emergency Generation 6 7 4 - Prime Mover Selection Criteria Introduction Gas Turbines Gas Turbine Applications Fuel Gas Supply Disturbances Turbine Temperature Limits Gas Ingestion from Leaks Reciprocating Engines Diesel Engines Gas-Ignition Engines Fuel Gas Pressure Fuel Gas Temperature and Combustion Knock Spark Duration and Voltage Fuel Gas Disturbances Load Profiles Projected Demand Variability of Demand Over 24 Hours Low Loading Problems Choice of Fuel Main Generation Number Required Size Location Cooling Systems Lube Oil Systems Governors Alternators and Excitation Systems Neutral Earthing Starting Requirements Key Services Generation 8 5 - Generation and Distribution Switchgear and Transformers Switchgear – General Requirements The Mechanism of Short Circuit Current Interruption Breaking Current Making Current Types of Interrupter HRC Cartridge Fuses Air Circuit Breakers Bulk Oil Circuit Breakers Limited Oil Volume Circuit Breakers Vacuum Circuit Breakers and Contactors Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) Circuit Breakers Switchboard Construction General Main Switchboards 6.6–13. 8kV Large Drive Switchboards 3.3–6. 6kV Utility Services and Production Switchboards Emergency Switchboards Drilling Supplies Living Quarters Supplies Process Area Distribution Transformers 9 6 - Direct Current Generators Introduction Compound-Wound Generators Adjustment of Compounding Parallel Operation 10 7 - Direct Current Switchgear Introduction Switching Direct Currents Specification 11 8 - Electrical Cables Selection Installation Transits, Glands and Connectors Transits Glands Connectors Bus Ducting Cables for Intrinsically Safe Circuits 12 9 - Motors Introduction Voltage Levels Starting Speed Pole Configuration Cooling and Ingress Protection Particular Applications 13 10 - Motor Control Gear Introduction Low-Voltage Switchgear and Motor Control Centres for Offshore Use Intelligent Motor Control Centres Motor Control Centre Software Medium-Voltage Starters Direct on Line Starting Electronic Starters 14 11 - Power Electronics (Semiconductor Equipment) Introduction Environmental Conditions Uninterruptible and Secure Power Supplies Direct Current Supplies Alternating Current Supplies Selection of Voltage Tolerances Batteries Types of Batteries Lead–Acid Planté Cells Lead–Acid Recombination Cells Nickel–Cadmium Cells Boost Charging Facilities Ventilation and Housing of Vented Batteries Sealed Cells Solid-State Controllers Burst-Fired (Integral Cycle Fired) Process Heater Controllers Direct Current Variable-Speed Drives Alternating Current Variable-Frequency Drives Variable-Speed Drive or Variable-Frequency Drive 15 12 - Process Drives and Starting Requirements Introduction Voltage Levels Starting Speed Pole Configuration Cooling and Ingress Protection Special Applications Reciprocating Pumps and Compressors Gas Compressors Direct Current Drilling Motors Power Swivels Seawater Lift Pumps Diesel–Electric Fire Pumps Fire Pump Diesel Engine Starting Requirements Downhole Pumps Main Oil Line and Water Injection Pumps 16 13 - Subsea Supplies and Cathodic Protection Introduction Subsea Power Supplies Diver’s Life Support Equipment Subsea Completion Modules Diving Chambers for Saturation Diving Inductive Couplers Subsea Umbilicals and Power Cables Cathodic Protection Introduction Types of System Impressed Current Systems Impressed Current Systems on Submerged Pipelines Galvanic Anode Systems Cathodic Protection Calculations 17 14 - Offshore Lighting Introduction Lighting Calculations Point Sources Linear Sources Utilisation Factors for Interiors and Average Illuminance Calculation Procedure Average Illuminance Illuminance at a Point Floodlighting Accommodation Lighting Normal Lighting Accommodation Emergency Lighting Process Area Lighting Drilling Areas Laydown Areas Helidecks Jacket and Leg Lighting Navigational Lighting Walkways, Catwalks and Stairways Emergency Escape Lighting Routine Maintenance 18 15 - Process Control and Monitoring Systems Introduction Process Control Systems Process Shutdown System Fire and Gas Considerations Emergency Shutdown System 19 16 - Transformers Introduction Transformer Construction Transformer Regulation 20 17 - Telecommunications – Internal and External Internal Communications Redundancy, Diversity, Survivability and Safety Issues External Telecommunications Redundancy, Diversity and Safety Issues Notes 21 1 - Notes on Detailed Design Project Organisation and Documentation Introduction Technical Organisation of the Design Programme Project Procedures Office Environment and Procedures Office Procedures Drawing Representation Databases and Schedules Material and Equipment Handling and Storage Erection Procedure 22 1 - Alternator Faults and Protection Devices Introduction Neutral Earthing and Earth Faults Overload Protection Overcurrent Protection Phase and Interturn Faults Winding Protection Over-/Undervoltage Protection Over-/Underfrequency Protection Unbalanced Loading and Negative Phase Sequence Protection Rotor Faults Field Faults and Asynchronous Operation Package Control and Supervision, Master Trip and Lockout Relays 23 2 - Transformer Faults and Protection Devices Transformer Faults Earth Faults Phase-to-Phase Faults Core and Interturn Faults Magnetising Inrush Overcurrent Protection Restricted Earth Fault Protection Differential Protection Oil and Gas-Operated Devices Parallel Transformers and Intertripping Momentary Paralleling Schemes Intertripping 24 3 - Motor Faults and Protection Motor Winding Electrical Faults Motor Mechanical Faults Bearing failures Abnormalities in the Driven Machinery Abnormalities in the Supply System Overload Protection Stalling Protection Phase Unbalance Protection Conventional Relay Types Static and Microprocessor-Based Relay Types Additional Protection for Synchronous Motors Detection of Motor Faults on Large Motors With the Rogowski Coils 25 4 - Busbar Protection Busbar Faults Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Protection Unrestricted Earth Fault Protection Frame Earth Protection Differential Protection 26 5 - Feeder Protection, Conductor Sizing, Load Flow and Fault Calculation Fuses Miniature Circuit Breakers Overcurrent and Earth Fault Protection Sizing of Conductors Load Flow Busbar Sizing Cable Sizing Worked Example: Fault Calculation Main Generator Fault Currents Switchboard Fault Currents 27 6 - Calculation of Load Flow, Prospective Fault Currents and Transient Disturbances Fault Calculation Standard Methods of Calculation IEC 61363 IEC 60909 IEEE141/ANSI37 Digital Methods of Fault Calculation Digital Simulation of System Disturbances Transient Simulations and Harmonic Analysis ETAP Short Circuit Analysis Software Unbalanced Short Circuit Analysis for Multiple and Single Phase Systems IPSA Short Circuit Analysis Software Power Tools for Windows Proving the Software Manual Calculations 28 7 - Protection and Discrimination Introduction Worked Example (Continued): Relay Setting of Typical MV Platform Scheme Overcurrent Protection Data Requirements System Data Base Values Operating Conditions Overcurrent Relay Setting Relay F: Range 10%–200%, CT Ratio 1500/1 Relay T: Range 10%–200%, CT Ratio 1500/1 Relay G: Range 10%–200%, CT Ratio 2000/1 Coordination Earth Fault Relay Setting CT Saturation Relay Z: Range 10%–20%, CT Ratio 300/1. Fuse Z: 200A Relay F: Range 10%–200%, CT Ratio 1500/1; 10VA 5P10 Coordination Worked Example: Setting Voltage Controlled Overcurrent Relays 29 8 - Power Management Generator Controls Start and Stop Buttons Automatic Voltage Regulator and Governor Raise/Lower Switches Synchronising Equipment Instrumentation Metering Synchronising Indicators Alarm Annunciator Load Sharing Systems Power Management Systems Power Management System Design 30 9 - Harmonics Introduction Overheating of Motors Overheating of Transformers and Increased Associated Losses Resonance Effects Uninterruptible Power Supplies Switch Mode Power Supplies Percentage Distortion Definition Current or Voltage Total Harmonic Distortion 31 1 - Installation Practice Switchgear and Motor Control Centres Distribution Transformers Motors and Generators Lighting and Small Power Secure Power Supply Systems Batteries Battery Chargers and Invertors Communications Public Address Systems Telephones Cable Support Systems General Support Steelwork Cable Tray Tray Installation Ladder Rack The Decommissioning and Removal/Abandonment Phases Written Schemes of Examination 32 2 - Electrical System Earthing Introduction Platforms Electrical Earths Instrument/Communications Earths Intrinsically Safe Earth Equipotential Bonding Ships Lightning Protection 33 3 - Environmental Protection Introduction Weather and Sea Protection Stainless Steel Grey Cast Iron Hot Dipped Galvanised Steel Polycarbonate Manganese Bronze and Gunmetal Welded and Cast Structural Steel Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic Enclosure Ingress Protection Structural Considerations Weight Control Shock and Vibration Location of Engine Intakes and Exhausts Mechanical Protection Noise Control Prime Movers Motors 34 4 - Hazardous Area Installation Introduction Hazardous Area Applications Temperature Considerations Ignition Temperature Flashpoint Temperature Explosion-Proof Ex ‘d’ Equipment (Older ‘Flameproof’ Certification is Similar) Explosion-Proof Equipment Groups Increased Safety Ex ‘e’ Equipment Terminals Enclosure Ex ‘nA’ Non-Sparking Non-Sparking: Ex ‘N’ (Now Obsolescent) Pressurised: Ex ‘p’ Intrinsic Safety – Ex ‘i’a and Ex ‘i’b (Refer to BS EN 60079-11:2012) Level of Protection ‘ia’ Level of Protection ‘ib’ Level of Protection ‘IC’ ‘Simple’ Apparatus and Components Loop Calculations for Galvanic Barriers Selection of Other Equipment Avoidance of Ignition by Non-Electrical Equipment (Refer BS EN ISO 80079-36 & 37) Avoidance of Ignition by Radio and Radar Transmissions (Refer to PD CLC/TR 50427) Hazard Source Schedules Defining Boundaries Ventilation Logic of Area Classification Selection of Motors for Hazardous Areas Mixing Hazardous Area Certified Equipment Various Global and National Standards Equipment for Use in Polar Regions Intrinsically Safe Barriers – Galvanic or Optical Isolation 35 1 - Notes on Dynamic Positioning and Ballast Control for Floating Installations Dynamic Positioning Integrated Control Systems Propulsion Redundancy Ballast Control Systems Floating Production, Storage and Offloading Units Semisubmersibles Ballast Control: Basic Control Features 36 2 - Floating Production, Storage and Offloading Units Introduction Safety Critical Systems 37 3 - Semisubmersibles and Mobile Offshore Drilling Units Introduction Power Generation Pontoon and Leg Equipment Installation Watertight Door Monitoring and Ballast Control Systems Electrical Drilling Direct Current and Alternating Current Semiconductor Drives Cement Kill Pumps and Controls Drilling Mud Facilities Fire and Gas Systems and Ventilation Control on Rigs The UK Offshore Safety Case Legislation 38 4 - Self-Elevating Rigs Introduction Frequent Duties Main Facilities 39 5 - Tension Leg Platforms Introduction Tension Leg Platform in Oil and Gas Installations Tension Leg Platform as a Wind Turbine Structure 40 6 - Notes on Offshore Renewable Energy Substation Platforms Introduction Description Hazards 41 1 - Introduction to Commissioning 42 2 - Generators Introduction Running the Prime Mover 43 3 - Switchgear Air Break Switching Devices and Fuses Rated for Use at Voltages Below 1000V Air Circuit Breakers/Switchgear Rated for Use at Voltages Above 1000V Oil Switchgear Over 1kV Vacuum Circuit Breakers Sulphur Hexafluoride Switchgear 44 4 - Protection and Control Precommissioning Protection Scheme Commissioning Voltage Transformers (Refer to BS EN 61869 and BS EN 50482) Insulation Resistance Polarity Check Voltage Ratio Test Phasing Check Restoration Current Transformers Current Ratio Check Method 1 Method 2 Magnetisation Curve Tests Restoration Protection Relays Mechanical Checks on Induction Disc and Attracted Armature Relays Electrical Checks on Electronic (Static) and Induction Disc Relays Insulation Tests Secondary Injection Tests Electrical Tests on Attracted Armature Relays Insulation Testing Secondary Injection Testing Electrical Tests on Thermal Relays Primary Injection Tests Overcurrent Relays Residual Earth Fault Relays Restricted Earth Fault Relays Closing and Tripping 45 5 - Large Motors Precommissioning Motor Commissioning Tests Megohmmeter (Megger) Test Polarisation Index Overpotential Tests Evaluation of Motor Test Results 46 6 - Protection, Monitoring and Control Precommissioning Permit-to-Work Systems Control and Monitoring System Commissioning Cause-and-Effect Matrices Safety, Shutdown and Protective Circuits and Devices 47 1 - Reliability Introduction Duplication and Redundancy Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis Circuit Breaker Illustration Circuit Breaker Functions Circuit Breaker Modes of Failure Fault Trees Fault Tree Construction Common Mode Failure Identification Qualitative Analysis Quantitative Analysis Evaluation Using Event Probabilities Evaluation Using Event Failure Rates Reliability Block Diagrams Confidence Limits Example 8.1.1 Solution Example 8.1.2 Solution 48 2 - Maintenance and Logistics Rationalisation of Spares Accessibility and Communications Maintenance Intervals and Equipment Specification Scaffolding and Abseiling (Rappelling) Transport, Accommodation and People Onboard Problems Maintenance Scheduling Software Appendix A A - Guide to Offshore Installations A.1 Types of Installation Semisubmersibles Jack-Up or Self-Elevating Platforms Fixed Platforms Tension Leg Platforms A.2 Drilling Essentials Draw Works Rotary Table Top Drive Mud Pumps Shale Shaker Blowout Preventer Wireline Logging Well Completion Perforation Christmas Trees Subsea Completions Deviated Drilling A.3 Production Process Essentials Oil, Water and Gas Separation Hydrates Water Injection Gas Reinjection Oil Storage and Export Artificial Lift Facilities A.4 Oil Company Operations Financing Division of Labour Appendix B B - Typical Commissioning Test Sheets Appendix C C - Comparison of Hazardous Area Equipment Certification Appendix C1: Comparison of EU and US Certification for Hazardous Areas Appendix C2: HAZARDOUS AREA GUIDE for ATEX & IECEx (Zones/Groups) Bibliography Bibliography Part 2 Chapter 2 References Web References Part 2 Chapter 3 References Useful Links Part 2 Chapter 4 References Useful Links Part 2 Chapter 5 References Web References Part 2 Chapter 6 References Web References Part 2 Chapter 7 References Web References Part 2 Chapter 8 References Web References Part 2 Chapter 9 References Web References Part 2 Chapter 10 References Web References Part 2 Chapter 11 References Web References Part 2 Chapter 12 References Web References Part 2 Chapter 13 References Web References Part 2 Chapter 14 References Web References Part 2 Chapter 15 References Web References Part 2 Chapter 16 References Web References Part 2 Chapter 17 References Web References Part 3 Chapter 1 References Web References Part 4 Chapter 1 Web References Part 4 Chapter 2 References Web References Part 4 Chapter 3 References Web References (for Motor Protection Relay Manufacturers, see Table 4.3.1) Part 4 Chapter 4 References Web References Part 4 Chapter 5 References Web References Part 4 Chapter 7 References Web References Part 4 Chapter 8 References Web References Part 4 Chapter 9 References Web References Part 5 Chapter 1 References Web References Part 5 Chapter 2 References Web References Part 5 Chapter 3 References Web References Part 5 Chapter 4 References Web References Part 6 Chapter 1 References Web References Part 6 Chapter 2 References Web References Part 6 Chapter 3 References Web References Part 6 Chapter 4 References Web References Part 6 Chapter 5 References Web References Part 6 Chapter 6 References Web References Part 7 Chapter 1 References Web References Part 7 Chapter 5 References Web References Part 7 Chapter 6 References Web References Part 8 Chapter 1 References Web References Part 8 Chapter 2 References Web References Part 9 Chapter 1 References Index_2018_Offshore-Electrical-Engineering-Manual Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z
