OECD Government at a Glance 2009

Foreword......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 9
Introduction......Page 11
Why measure government activities?......Page 12
Indicators on government activities and public management practices......Page 13
Framework for understanding and measuring the activities of government......Page 14
Data sources and features......Page 15
How this publication is organised......Page 16
Data comparability and availability......Page 17
Indicators of outputs and outcomes......Page 18
Future work......Page 19
I.  Current and Future Public Governance Challenges......Page 21
Selected public governance implications of the global financial and economic crises......Page 22
Achieving evidence-based policy making......Page 23
Fostering Integrity......Page 24
Better co-ordination between levels of government......Page 26
Contributing to fiscal sustainability: the role of fiscal projections......Page 28
Figure 1. Australian Intergenerational Report (IGR) 2007: Comparison of projections of primary balances......Page 31
A world in flux: Challenges for public governance......Page 32
Lessons from past reforms......Page 33
How can countries achieve a better balance between government, markets and citizens?......Page 35
What governance capacities or competencies are needed for dealing with global challenges?......Page 38
Figure 2. Number of departments or ministries and ministers at the central level of government (2008)......Page 39
How can a continued focus on efficiency and effectiveness be reconciled with upholding other fundamental public service values?......Page 41
Figure 3. Frequently stated core public service values (2000 and 2009)......Page 42
Notes......Page 43
II. Government Revenues......Page 45
Notes......Page 46
1.3 Annual real percentage change in revenue per capita (from 2000 to 2006)......Page 47
Notes......Page 48
2.4 Tax structure of general government (2006)......Page 49
Notes......Page 50
3.4 Structure of local government revenues (2006)......Page 51
III. Government Expenditures......Page 53
Notes......Page 54
4.3 Annual real percentage change of government expenditures per capita (from 2000 to 2006)......Page 55
Notes......Page 56
5.2 Change in general government expenditures by function as a percentage of GDP (1995 and 2006)......Page 57
Notes......Page 58
6.1 Distribution of general government expenditures by level of government (2006)......Page 59
Note......Page 60
7.2 General government expenditures on individual and collective goods as a percentage of GDP (2006)......Page 61
IV. Intersection between the Public and Private Sectors......Page 63
Notes......Page 64
8.3 Structure of production costs (2007)......Page 65
V. Public Employment......Page 67
Notes......Page 68
9.2 Employment in general government and public corporations as a percentage of the labour force (1995 and 2005)......Page 69
Notes......Page 70
10.2 Change in the percentage of government staff employed at the central level (1995 and 2005)......Page 71
Notes......Page 72
11.4 Percentage of central government administrative positions filled by women (2005)......Page 73
Notes......Page 74
12.2 Percentage of workers 50 years or older in central government and the total labour force (2005)......Page 75
VI. Human Resource Management Practices......Page 77
Notes......Page 78
13.2 Authority of central government managers to determine compensation levels (2005)......Page 79
Notes......Page 80
14.2 Relationship between type of recruitment system and delegation in HRM in central government (2005)......Page 81
Notes......Page 82
15.2 Extent of the use of performance-related pay in central government (2005)......Page 83
Notes......Page 84
16.1 Use of separate HRM practices for senior civil servants (SCS) (2005)......Page 85
VII. Budget Practices and Procedures......Page 87
Notes......Page 88
17.2 Central government use of rules that place limits on fiscal policy (2007)......Page 89
18.1 Number of months after fiscal year-end that audited accounts are publicly disclosed by the supreme audit institution (2007)......Page 90
18.2 Elements included in budget documents presented to the legislature at the central level of government (2007)......Page 91
Note......Page 92
19.2 Use of medium-term perspective in the budget process at the central level of government (2007)......Page 93
Notes......Page 94
20.2 Use of performance information in budget discussions between the central budget authority and ministries (2007)......Page 95
Note......Page 96
21.2 Ability of line ministries in central government to carry over unused funds (2007)......Page 97
VIII. Regulatory Management......Page 99
Note......Page 100
22.3 Requirements for RIA processes used by central governments (2005 and 2008)......Page 101
Note......Page 102
23.2 Extent of programmes for reducing administrative burdens at the central level of government (1998, 2005 and 2008)......Page 103
Further reading......Page 104
24.2 Forms of public consultation routinely used at the central government level (2005 and 2008)......Page 105
IX. Integrity......Page 107
Notes......Page 108
25.2 Public availability of private interest disclosures by decision makers in the central government (2009)......Page 109
Note......Page 110
26.2 Countries that offer protection for whistle-blowers (2000 and 2009)......Page 111
Note......Page 112
27.2 Public procurement as a percentage of GDP (2006)......Page 113
X. Open and Responsive Government......Page 115
Note......Page 116
28.3 Number of OECD member countries with laws on ombudsman institutions (1960-2008)......Page 117
Note......Page 118
29.2 Cumulative broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (2003-08)......Page 119
Notes......Page 120
30.3 Assessment of the national portal (2007)......Page 121
Note......Page 122
31.3 Relationship between broadband penetration and citizen uptake of e-government services (2008)......Page 123
Table A.1. Revenue Aggregates......Page 125
Table B.1. First and second level COFOG......Page 126
Table B.2. Methods used to construct COFOG-Special data......Page 128
Notes......Page 129
Annex C
. Composite Indexes for HRM, Budget Practices and Regulatory Management......Page 130
Annex D
. Detailed Data from the 2009 Survey on Integrity......Page 132
Table D.1. How countries communicate core values to central government public officials (2009)......Page 133
Table D.2. Types of information decision makers are required to formally disclose, and level of transparency (2009)......Page 134
Table D.3. Procedures for public officials to report misconduct or suspected corruption (2000 and 2009)......Page 135
Table D.4. Types of protection offered to whistle-blowers (2000 and 2009)......Page 136
Annex E
. Contextual Factors......Page 137
Australia......Page 139
Belgium......Page 140
Czech Republic......Page 141
Finland......Page 142
Germany......Page 143
Hungary......Page 144
Ireland......Page 145
Japan......Page 146
Luxembourg......Page 147
Netherlands......Page 148
Norway......Page 149
Portugal......Page 150
Spain......Page 151
Switzerland......Page 152
United Kingdom......Page 153
United States......Page 154
Annex F
. Members of the Steering Group......Page 155
Glossary......Page 156
Bibliography......Page 159