Odour and Ammonia Emissions from Livestock Farming

BOOK COVER......Page 1
HALF-TITLE......Page 2
TITLE......Page 4
COPYRIGHT......Page 5
PREFACE......Page 6
CONTENTS......Page 8
Session I AMMONIA AND ODOUR EMISSION FROM LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION......Page 12
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 13
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 14
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 15
REFERENCES......Page 19
ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AMMONIA......Page 21
2. SOIL ACIDIFICATION......Page 22
3. NITROGEN ENRICHMENT......Page 23
4. AMMONIUM DEPOSITION AND THE CONDITION OF FORESTS......Page 24
6. THE ROLE OF AMMONIUM IN RELATION TO THE CANOPY-ION EXCHANGE......Page 25
7. AMMONIUM DEPOSITION AND A DISTURBED NUTRIENT BALANCE IN THE SOIL......Page 26
REFERENCES......Page 27
THE ROLE OF AMMONIA AS AN ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANT......Page 29
REFERENCES......Page 32
1. Introduction......Page 34
3. Mechanical removal of the manure......Page 36
5. Use of bedding......Page 38
6. Feed and additives......Page 39
8. Conclusions......Page 40
9. References......Page 41
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 43
4. CATTLE......Page 44
5. PIG HOUSES......Page 47
6. CONCLUSIONS......Page 53
7. RECOMMENDATIONS......Page 54
1. Introduction......Page 55
2. Influence of Air Conditions and Animal Activity on Ammonia Emissions......Page 56
3. Ammonia Emissions from Different Animals and Different Housing Systems......Page 58
4. Emissions Arising from Broiler Keeping......Page 59
5. Methods to Decrease Emissions......Page 60
REFERENCES......Page 61
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 62
2.1. The tests carried out......Page 63
Chemical parameters......Page 64
Ammonia emissions......Page 66
3. DRYING OF POULTRY MANURE BY COMPOSTING......Page 67
4. TOTAL AMMONIA EMISSIONS......Page 68
REFERENCES......Page 69
INTRODUCTION......Page 70
MEASURING METHOD......Page 71
ODOUR EMISSION......Page 73
AMMONIA EMISSION......Page 74
TN-STORAGE COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES......Page 76
LITERATURE......Page 77
EXPERIENCES WITH AUTOMATIC AMMONIA ANALYSES......Page 78
1. OBJECTIVES......Page 82
2. FLOW FIELDS IN ANIMAL HOUSES......Page 83
3. MEASUREMENT OF AMMONIA......Page 86
4. MODELLING THE DISPERSION......Page 88
References......Page 90
Session III CONTROLLING AMMONIA AND ODOUR EMISSIONS FROM BUILDINGS AND STORES......Page 91
Introduction......Page 92
Central scrubber for new animal houses......Page 94
Subsequent installation of a two-stage scrubber......Page 98
Literatur......Page 100
1. PRINCIPLE OF AN AIR SCRUBBER......Page 101
2. NITRIFICATION......Page 102
4. TESTS WITH SEMI-TECHNICAL AIR SCRUBBERS......Page 103
5. MEASUREMENTS OF BIOFILTERS IN PRACTICE......Page 104
REFERENCES......Page 105
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 107
2.1 Emissions during spreading......Page 108
2.2 Emissions after spreading......Page 109
4. THE COSTS OF ACHIEVING REDUCTIONS IN EMISSIONS......Page 114
REFERENCES......Page 115
INTRODUCTION......Page 117
3. AMMONIA EMISSION AND DECAY......Page 118
4.l. General methods......Page 120
4.2. Methods for reduction of emission on arable land.......Page 122
4.3. Methods for emission reduction on grassland.......Page 123
6. REFERENCES......Page 124
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 126
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 127
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 128
REFERENCES......Page 133
2. MATERIAL AND METHODS......Page 135
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 136
REFERENCES......Page 140
LABORATORY AND FIELD EXPERIMENTS FOR ESTIMATING AMMONIA LOSSES FROM PIG AND CATTLE SLURRY FOLLOWING APPLICATION......Page 141
MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 142
CONCLUSIONS......Page 147
REFERENCES......Page 148
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 150
2. METHODS......Page 151
4. AMMONIA LOSS......Page 152
5. REFERENCES......Page 155
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 157
2. EXPERIMENTAL......Page 158
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 162
REFERENCES......Page 164
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 166
3. SOIL MODULE......Page 167
4. TRANSFER MODULE......Page 170
5. REQUIRED PARAMETERS......Page 172
6. FIELD EXPERIMENTS......Page 173
8. REFERENCES......Page 174
9. APPENDIX on pH......Page 175
2. Ammonia emission from agriculture in Ireland......Page 177
3. Reducing Ammonia Emission from Landspreading of Manure......Page 178
REFERENCES......Page 179
Session V AMMONIA AND ODOUR LOSSES FROM GRASSLAND......Page 181
2. METHODS......Page 182
3.1 Former results......Page 183
3.2 Odour and ammonia emissions after adding agents to cattle slurry......Page 184
3.3 Ammonia loss under field conditions......Page 185
REFERENCES......Page 187
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 189
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 190
4. N-BUDGET OF URINE PATCHES......Page 192
5. CALCULATION OF THE AMMONIA EMISSION FROM GRAZED PASTURES AT DIFFERENT RATES OF FERTILIZATION......Page 193
6. REFERENCES......Page 195
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 196
2. EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEMS......Page 197
3. FACTORS CONTROLLING LOSSES......Page 198
4. TOTAL LOSSES UNDER GRAZING......Page 199
5. CONCLUSIONS......Page 201
REFERENCES......Page 202
Session VI DEVELOPMENTS IN ODOUR MEASUREMENTS......Page 204
1. Introduction......Page 205
2.3. Odour concentration......Page 206
3.1. Odour concentration from broiler houses fitted with different drinker types—Site A......Page 207
3.3. Odour intensity—Sites B and C......Page 208
References......Page 213
1. PREFACE......Page 215
2. INTRODUCTION......Page 216
3. INVENTORY OF METHODS......Page 217
4. DISCUSSION OF METHODS......Page 218
5. RECOMMENDATIONS......Page 220
REFERENCES......Page 223
ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE ODOUR GROUP......Page 225
PROPOSAL FOR FURTHER ACTIVITIES......Page 226
REFERENCES......Page 227
SESSION II......Page 228
SESSION IV......Page 229
SESSION VI......Page 230
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS......Page 231
INDEX OF AUTHORS......Page 234