Oceanography And Marine Biology

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
PREFACE......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 6
INTRODUCTION......Page 7
PHYSICAL-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS WITHIN THE MARGINAL ICE ZONE......Page 9
FACTORS INFLUENCING PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH IN THE MARGINAL ICE ZONE......Page 10
Bering and Chuckchi Seas......Page 11
From Strait and Barents Sea......Page 14
Weddell Sea......Page 16
Ross Sea......Page 20
IMPACT OF ICE-ALGAL COMMUNITY ON ICE-EDGE PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS......Page 25
PARTITIONING OF PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY WITHIN MARGINAL ICE ZONES......Page 26
CONCLUSIONS......Page 27
REFERENCES......Page 28
INTRODUCTION......Page 32
TERMS AND CONCEPTS......Page 34
QUESTIONS, SCALE AND GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 36
Accuracy and methods......Page 39
PRECISION......Page 42
OPTIMIZATION AND PILOT STUDIES......Page 43
The size and number of sampling units......Page 44
Stratified sampling......Page 48
Multi-stage sampling......Page 50
POWER ANALYSIS......Page 53
Power analysis for planning......Page 54
Post hoc power analysis......Page 55
CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 57
DETECTING NON-RANDOM PATTERN......Page 58
Measures from sample units......Page 59
Indices based on distances between organisms......Page 62
Advantages of the various indices......Page 65
DESCRIBING NON-RANDOM PATTERN......Page 66
CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 68
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS......Page 69
REFERENCES......Page 70
INTRODUCTION......Page 76
EXIT CONDITIONS......Page 78
MASS AND MOMENTUM BALANCE......Page 79
OTHER NECESSARY SCALINGS......Page 87
EXPERIMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 88
FOUR CLASSES OF EXAMPLES......Page 89
CONCLUSIONS......Page 92
REFERENCES......Page 93
INTRODUCTION......Page 95
PATTERNS OF JUVENILE AND ADULT DISTRIBUTION......Page 101
THE RÔLE OF LARVAL SETTLEMENT......Page 105
THE ACTIVE HABITAT SELECTION HYPOTHESIS......Page 108
LABORATORY STUDIES OF HABITAT SELECTION......Page 111
LABORATORY STUDIES OF METAMORPHOSIS......Page 112
SITE PERUSAL, CUE DETECTION, AND SITE SELECTION......Page 113
FIELD EXPERIMENTS ABOVE OR ON THE SEA FLOOR......Page 115
PATTERN OF DISTRIBUTION AND ACTIVE HABITAT SELECTION: A PROBLEM OF SPATIAL SCALES......Page 121
THE PASSIVE DEPOSITION HYPOTHESIS......Page 122
PASSIVE ACCUMULATION......Page 123
SUMMARY......Page 125
GENERAL FEATURES OF BOUNDARY-LAYER FLOWS OVER SOFT SUBSTRATA......Page 126
HYDRODYNAMICAL CONSTRAINTS ON ACTIVE HABITAT SELECTION......Page 128
PASSIVE PARTICLE TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION......Page 131
COMPATIBILITY OF THE ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESES......Page 133
REFERENCES......Page 135
NOTE ADDED IN PROOF......Page 144
INTRODUCTION......Page 145
WORLD-WIDE......Page 147
LOCAL HABITATS......Page 149
BREEDING AGGREGATIONS......Page 159
COPULATION AND COPULATORY RÔLES......Page 161
EGG-LAYING......Page 165
REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT......Page 173
LARVAL LIFE......Page 177
SETTLEMENT AND METAMORPHOSIS......Page 178
PERIODICITY OF OCCURRENCE......Page 180
FIELD DIETS......Page 182
FOOD FOR LARVAE......Page 183
PERCEPTION OF FOOD......Page 185
PREFERRED FOODS......Page 186
FEEDING AND MOVEMENT OF FOOD THROUGH THE GUT......Page 192
FEEDING RATES......Page 193
LARVAL FEEDING RATES......Page 196
DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION......Page 197
NUTRITION......Page 199
FEEDING ECOLOGY......Page 201
THE EFFECT OF FEEDING ON OTHER BEHAVIOUR......Page 204
GROWTH......Page 205
ENERGY ALLOCATIONS......Page 213
LOCOMOTION......Page 216
CRAWLING......Page 217
BURROWING......Page 220
SWIMMING......Page 221
PREDATORS......Page 223
ESCAPE......Page 225
INKING......Page 226
OPALINE SECRETION......Page 228
SIPHON- AND GILL-WITHDRAWAL......Page 229
CHEMICAL DEFENCES......Page 231
INTERNAL DEFENCES......Page 241
REFERENCES......Page 242
INTRODUCTION......Page 256
ACROTHORACICA......Page 257
Balanomorpha......Page 266
Lepadomorpha......Page 268
Iblidae......Page 284
RHIZOCEPHALA......Page 290
PHYLOGENETIC CONSIDERATIONS......Page 298
EFFECTS OF DWARFING......Page 301
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE MALE......Page 303
DEVELOPMENT OF SEXUALITY AND HYPOTHESES ON THE ORIGIN OF MALES......Page 304
REFERENCES......Page 306
THE MAJOR FISHERIES......Page 311
PURSE-SEINE FISHERIES......Page 312
The South African fishery......Page 317
The Namibian fishery......Page 323
The Angolan fishery......Page 329
MIDWATER-TRAWL FISHERIES......Page 332
Hake fisheries......Page 336
By-catch species......Page 340
Sole fisheries......Page 346
HOOK AND LINE FISHERIES......Page 357
Snoek fishery......Page 358
Multi-species fishery......Page 359
Tuna fishery......Page 362
SET-NET, DRIFT-NET AND BEACH-SEINE FISHERIES......Page 366
CRUSTACEAN FISHERIES......Page 368
Western coast rock lobster......Page 369
Red crab......Page 370
Squid fishery......Page 371
GROWTH......Page 372
Pilchard and anchovy......Page 374
Horse mackerel......Page 375
Lanternfish and lightfish......Page 378
Snoek and chub mackerel......Page 379
Hakes......Page 380
Kingklip and monkfish......Page 389
Western coast rock lobster......Page 391
Squid......Page 398
The environment......Page 399
The major resources......Page 401
Stock assessment......Page 422
Population variability......Page 435
A CONCLUDING PERSPECTIVE......Page 448
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 454
REFERENCES......Page 455
TAXONOMY OF GOBIES AND ALPHEID SHRIMPS......Page 464
DISTRIBUTION OF ASSOCIATIONS......Page 466
ECOLOGY OF ASSOCIATIONS......Page 473
BURROW STRUCTURE......Page 474
BURROW CONSTRUCTION......Page 477
BURROW DYNAMICS......Page 479
DIET AND FEEDING BEHAVIOUR OF GOBY AND SHRIMP......Page 480
THE DAILY ACTIVITY RHYTHM OF GOBY AND SHRIMP......Page 483
AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR AND TERRITORIALLY OF GOBY AND SHRIMP......Page 487
REPRODUCTION OF GOBY AND SHRIMP......Page 488
POPULATION STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS......Page 491
COMMUNICATION UNDER NATURAL CONDITIONS......Page 492
WARNING SIGNAL GENERATION IN RESPONSE TO PREDATORS AND MODELS OF PREDATORS......Page 495
SEQUENCE AND INFORMATION ANALYSIS......Page 497
FILM ANALYSIS......Page 501
PARTNER SPECIFICITY OF GOBY-SHRIMP ASSOCIATIONS FIELD OBSERVATIONS......Page 502
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS......Page 505
THE MECHANISM REGULATING SPECIFICITY......Page 507
THE EVOLUTION OF GOBY-SHRIMP ASSOCIATIONS......Page 510
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 511
REFERENCES......Page 512
THE FLUX OF MATERIAL THROUGH A FISH FARM......Page 514
WASTE FOOD......Page 515
FAECAL AND EXCRETORY WASTE......Page 516
ORGANIC ENRICHMENT......Page 517
EUTROPHICATION......Page 518
THE SCALE OF THE IMPACT RESULTING FROM FISH-FARM WASTE......Page 519
ORGANIC ENRICHMENT......Page 520
EUTROPHICATION......Page 521
CONCLUSIONS......Page 522
REFERENCES......Page 523
AUTHOR INDEX......Page 526
SYSTEMATIC INDEX......Page 553
SUBJECT INDEX......Page 565