Oceanographic Processes of Coral Reefs: Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef

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OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OF CORAL REEFS: Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef......Page 3
Foreword......Page 5
Dedication......Page 6
About the Editor......Page 7
Contributors......Page 8
Contents......Page 12
Introduction: OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OF CORAL REEFS......Page 15
Table of Contents......Page 0
INTRODUCTION......Page 17
THE NEED TO MANAGE THE GBR......Page 18
BROADENING THE SCIENTIFIC BASE......Page 19
THE EMERGENCE OF PUBLIC CONCERN FOR THE HEALTH OF THE GBR — AND ITS CONSEQUENCES......Page 20
THE RELEVANCE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH TO THE MANAGEMENT OF THE GBR......Page 21
INTRODUCTION......Page 23
LAND USE......Page 24
MANGROVES AND SEAGRASS......Page 25
FRINGING CORALS......Page 26
ECOSYSTEM CONNECTIVITY......Page 27
MANAGEMENT......Page 29
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 30
INTRODUCTION......Page 35
THE HERBERT RIVER CATCHMENT......Page 37
SURFACE WATER QUALITY......Page 38
CONTEMPORARY BROADSCALE LANDCOVER CHANGE IN GBRMP CATCHMENTS......Page 39
LANDCOVER CHANGE IN THE HERBERT RIVER CATCHMENT......Page 42
WATER QUALITY IN THE HERBERT RIVER CATCHMENT......Page 43
DISCUSSION......Page 44
CONCLUSIONS......Page 46
REFERENCES......Page 47
INTRODUCTION......Page 52
CATCHMENTS ADJOINING THE GBR......Page 53
SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS IN NORTH QUEENSLAND RIVERS......Page 56
DISSOLVED AND PARTICULATE NUTRIENTS IN NORTH QUEENSLAND RIVERS......Page 57
NUTRIENT TRANSFORMATIONS WITHIN CATCHMENTS......Page 58
DISCUSSION......Page 59
REFERENCES......Page 62
INTRODUCTION......Page 67
TIDAL CIRCULATION......Page 68
WATER FLOW THROUGH THE FOREST......Page 69
MIXING, FLUSHING, AND SEED DISPERSION......Page 70
WAVES IN MANGROVES......Page 72
MAINTENANCE OF BIODIVERSITY......Page 73
SEDIMENTATION AND SEA-LEVEL RISE......Page 75
FINE SEDIMENT AS A TRACER FOR MIXING......Page 77
GROUNDWATER FLOW AND BIOTURBATION......Page 78
RECRUITMENT OF PRAWN LARVAE......Page 79
REFERENCES......Page 80
INTRODUCTION......Page 91
THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER CLARITY IN GBR WATERS......Page 92
LOSS OF CATCHMENT VEGETATION — MORE MUD IN ESTUARINE WATERS......Page 93
MUD ACCUMULATION AND NEW MANGROVES IN DOWNSTREAM PARTS OF ESTUARIES AND NEARSHORE AREAS......Page 94
THE COST OF IGNORING THE ROLE OF MANGROVES......Page 97
CONCLUSION — A HOLISTIC STRATEGY......Page 98
REFERENCES......Page 100
INTRODUCTION......Page 106
EFFECTS OF SILTATION ON SEAGRASS DEPTH DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE......Page 107
EFFECTS OF SILTATION ON DIVERSITY, BIOMASS, AND SURVIVAL......Page 108
EFFECTS OF SILTATION ON SEAGRASS GROWTH AND PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY......Page 109
EFFECTS OF SILTATION ON SEAGRASS MORPHOLOGY......Page 111
EFFECTS OF SEDIMENTATION ON CORAL ABUNDANCE, DIVERSITY, AND DISTRIBUTION......Page 113
MODELING REEF STATUS AND SEDIMENTATION......Page 114
RESPONSES OF MANGROVES TO SILTATION......Page 115
EFFECTS OF SILTATION ON SEAGRASS......Page 116
EFFECTS OF SEDIMENTATION ON CORAL REEFS......Page 117
REFERENCES......Page 118
INTRODUCTION......Page 125
ECOLOGICAL STRUCTURE......Page 126
MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURE......Page 127
VISUALIZATIONS......Page 128
COMBINED EFFECTS OF NATURAL DISTURBANCE AND HUMAN IMPACTS......Page 129
DISCUSSION......Page 130
REFERENCES......Page 133
INTRODUCTION......Page 138
FIELD METHODS......Page 141
ANALYTICAL METHODS......Page 142
SPATIAL PATTERNS IN SOFT CORAL RICHNESS, AND THE INFLUENCE OF TURBIDITY AND SEDIMENTATION......Page 143
PATTERNS IN SOFT AND HARD CORAL COVER......Page 144
DEPTH-RELATED PATTERNS......Page 145
DISCUSSION......Page 146
REFERENCES......Page 149
INTRODUCTION......Page 156
DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CENTRAL GBR REGION......Page 157
MODELLING RIVER PLUMES IN THE CENTRAL GBR REGION......Page 158
SIMULATING THE 1981 FLOOD EVENT......Page 161
SIMULATING THE 1974 FLOOD EVENT......Page 162
SIMULATING THE 1979 FLOOD EVENT......Page 163
DISCUSSION......Page 164
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 165
REFERENCES......Page 166
INTRODUCTION......Page 171
THE GREAT BARRIER REEF IN TIME AND SPACE......Page 172
A WALK AROUND THE GREAT BARRIER REEF WORLD HERITAGE AREA......Page 173
THE CROSS-SHELF PARADIGM AND LAND-OCEAN PROCESSES—HOW FAR OFFSHORE DOES “LAND INFLUENCE” EXTEND?......Page 178
CROSS-SHELF AND INTER-OCEANIC CONNECTIVITY THROUGH FOOD CHAIN LINKS......Page 180
CONNECTIVITY AMONGST HABITATS THROUGH LARVAL DISPERSAL AND ONTOGENETIC MIGRATION......Page 183
A CASE STUDY OF BAITFISH–PREDATOR LINKS......Page 185
REFERENCES......Page 187
INTRODUCTION......Page 198
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MODEL......Page 199
STRUCTURE OF BASIC MODEL......Page 200
PARAMETER DATABASES......Page 202
THE FISHERY......Page 204
BALANCING THE MODEL......Page 205
SIMULATIONS......Page 206
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 209
REFERENCES......Page 212
INTRODUCTION......Page 217
MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 218
HELIX REEF STUDY......Page 219
BOWDEN REEF STUDY......Page 220
HELIX REEF STUDY......Page 221
Hydrodynamics......Page 223
Fish Distribution and Abundance......Page 224
Dispersion Model......Page 226
DISCUSSION......Page 227
REFERENCES......Page 230
INTRODUCTION......Page 239
METHODS......Page 240
CONCLUSION......Page 241
REFERENCES......Page 242
INTRODUCTION......Page 245
CURRENT DATA......Page 247
CORAL SEA DATA......Page 248
INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY......Page 249
CORAL SEA CIRCULATION......Page 250
DAILY ACTIVITY......Page 251
MOON......Page 252
WATER TEMPERATURE......Page 253
CURRENTS......Page 254
DISCUSSION......Page 255
REFERENCES......Page 256
INTRODUCTION......Page 262
HALIMEDA BANKS ON THE GBR......Page 263
TIDAL JETS, THE BERNOULLI EFFECT, AND NUTRIENT PUMPING......Page 264
INTRIGUING CORRELATIONS......Page 266
THE GEOLOGICAL DIMENSION......Page 268
CONCLUSIONS......Page 269
REFERENCES......Page 270
INTRODUCTION......Page 275
SOURCES OF CLIMATE AND WEATHER DATA FOR THE GBR AND QUEENSLAND......Page 276
Sea Surface Temperature, Atmospheric Circulation, Cloud, and Light......Page 278
Tropical Cyclones......Page 279
Rainfall......Page 280
EL NIÑO–SOUTHERN OSCILLATION......Page 281
CORAL BLEACHING......Page 282
FRESHWATER PLUMES AND LUMINESCENT BANDS......Page 283
CHANGING SSTS AND AIR TEMPERATURES......Page 284
RECORDS FROM CORALS......Page 285
PROJECTED CLIMATES......Page 286
REFERENCES......Page 288
INTRODUCTION......Page 307
WATER MOVEMENT WITHIN THE GBR......Page 310
GBR WEATHER AND SST DURING FEBRUARY 1998......Page 311
THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN GBR STORY......Page 312
DISCUSSION......Page 313
REFERENCES......Page 314
INTRODUCTION......Page 320
PHYSICAL EXTENT AND STATUS......Page 322
USE OF CORAL REEFS......Page 323
ATTITUDES TOWARD CORAL REEFS......Page 325
THREATS TO CORAL REEFS......Page 326
CURRENT STATUS......Page 328
TOWARD GREATER DECENTRALIZATION......Page 329
FUTURE OF CORAL REEFS......Page 331
REFERENCES......Page 332
COMPARISON WITH THE LAND......Page 336
WHO CONTROLS THE GBR?......Page 337
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE GBR TO AUSTRALIANS......Page 338
WHAT IS ACTUALLY HAPPENING, AND WHAT MIGHT DAMAGE THE GBR?......Page 340
INNER REEFS......Page 341
ENDANGERED, THREATENED, VULNERABLE, OR RARE SPECIES OF MARINE MAMMALS AND TURTLES (“CHARISMATIC MEGAFAUNA”) (AFTER MARSH ET AL., 1997)......Page 343
TRAWLING AND LINE FISHING......Page 344
COASTAL PLANNING......Page 345
A HOUSE LEASE IN LIZARD ISLAND NATIONAL PARK......Page 346
HINCHINBROOK CHANNEL DEVELOPMENT......Page 347
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT......Page 349
CONCLUSION......Page 350
REFERENCES......Page 351