Ocean Seismo-Acoustics: Low-Frequency Underwater Acoustics

Front Matter....Pages i-xv
Sound Pulse Propagation in a Weakly Range Dependent Shallow Ocean....Pages 1-10
Intrinsic Modes in a Wedge-Shaped Ocean with Stratified Elastic Bottom....Pages 11-20
A Green’s Function Method for One-Way Wave Propagation in a Range-Dependent Ocean Environment....Pages 21-28
Factorization and Path Integration of the Helmholtz Equation: Numerical Algorithms....Pages 29-38
Range Dependent Propagation Codes Based on Wave Field Factorization and Invariant Imbedding....Pages 39-46
An Acoustic Reflectivity Method for Laterally Varying Layered Media....Pages 47-55
A Vector Parabolic Equation Model for Elastic Propagation....Pages 57-66
Influence of Bottom Refraction on the Propagation of Underwater Sound....Pages 67-73
Bottom Interaction Effects on Normal Modes: an Algebraic Approach....Pages 75-85
Gaussian Beams and 3-D Bottom Interacting Acoustic Systems....Pages 87-101
Development of a Parabolic Approximation for the Computation of Propagation Loss in a Range-Dependent Environment....Pages 103-114
Linear and Nonlinear Ocean Acoustic Propagation Models....Pages 115-128
Modeling of Pulse Response Functions of Bottom Interacting Sound Using the Parabolic Equation Method....Pages 129-137
A Study of Propagation Loss Dependence on Sediment Layer Thickness Using the Fast Field Program....Pages 139-148
Shear Wave Effects on Propagation to a Receiver in the Substrate....Pages 149-157
Description and Some Results of the Operational Propagation Loss Model ALMOST (= A coustic L oss M odel for O perational S tudies and T asks)....Pages 159-168
Experimental Confirmation of Horizontal Refraction of Sound Propagation in a Wedge-Like Ocean....Pages 169-178
Acoustic Propagation over Large-Scale Linear Ocean Slopes....Pages 179-189
Predicted Partitioning of VLF Acoustic Energy in a Range-Dependent Environment....Pages 191-197
Experiments on Sound Propagation over Sloped Bottoms....Pages 199-206
The Effect of Unconsolidated Sediment Rigidity on Low Frequency Acoustic Propagation....Pages 207-215
A Propagation Anomaly Observed in the Barents Sea....Pages 217-222
Long Range Low Frequency Propagation Measurements in Deep Water Using a Seismic Towed Array....Pages 223-231
Some Characteristics of Virtual Modes in Shallow Water with High Speed Bottom....Pages 233-242
The Deduction of Approximate Values of Sediment Depth from Propagation Loss Measurements....Pages 243-252
Range and Time Dependence of Acoustic Intensity Fluctuations....Pages 253-267
Shallow Water Tomography....Pages 269-279
Medium-Induced Low-Frequency Fluctuations in Acoustic Transmission Loss: Examples from Measurements in Selected Geographical Areas....Pages 281-292
Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Media Using Born Series Through 4th Order....Pages 293-303
Coupling of Acoustic Modes in the Ocean, A Comparison of Approximate Solutions....Pages 305-312
Long Range, Low Frequency Acoustic Backscattering: A Survey....Pages 313-326
Directional Measurements of Low-Frequency Acoustic Backscattering from the Seafloor....Pages 327-333
Seamount Height Estimation from Long-Range, Low Frequency Acoustic Backscatter....Pages 335-344
An Acoustic Model for Bathymetric Scattering with Low-Frequency Applications....Pages 345-353
Evaluation of Low-Frequency Bottom Backscattering Strength vs Grazing Angle by Means of Multiple Beamforming....Pages 355-364
Near Grazing Propagation over a Low Roughness Hard Ocean Bottom....Pages 365-372
Estimation of Ice Surface Scattering and Acoustic Attenuation in Arctic Sediments from Long-Range Propagation Data....Pages 373-386
Low Frequency Attenuation in the Arctic Ocean....Pages 387-395
Effect of Sub-Bottom Inhomogenieties on Shallow Water Spatial Coherence....Pages 397-405
Mode Coupling from Subbottom Roughness....Pages 407-415
Acoustic Waves in Marine Sediments....Pages 417-434
Pore Shape and the Biot-Stoll Model for Saturated Sediments....Pages 435-444
Low-Frequency Anomalies in the Reflection Behaviour of Marine Sediments....Pages 445-453
The Interaction of Low-Frequency Acoustic Waves with a One-Dimensional Random Sediment Model....Pages 455-461
Propagator Matrix for Acoustic Wave Propagation through Anisotropic Porous Media....Pages 463-472
Acoustic-to-Seismic Coupling at Porous Ground Surfaces....Pages 473-482
Geotechnical Characteristics of the Sea Bed Related to Seismo-Acoustics....Pages 483-500
Dynamic Properties of Marine Sediments....Pages 501-510
Relationship between the Acoustical Characteristics of Deep Sea Sediments and their Physical Environment....Pages 511-517
Low Frequency Measurements of the Acoustic Properties of Marine Sediments....Pages 519-525
Spatial Variability of Surficial Shallow Water Sediment Geoacoustic Properties....Pages 527-536
A Bottom Shear Modulus Profiler: Inverse Analysis of the Field Data on Wave-Induced Bottom Motion....Pages 537-545
Estimation of Subsurface Parameters in Lossy Media....Pages 547-552
Analysis of Ocean-Subbottom Seismograph (OSS) Data....Pages 553-563
The Relative Amplitudes of Primary and Multiple Signals Refracted in the Ocean Crust....Pages 565-578
The Propagation of P n ....Pages 579-587
Effects and Consequences of Transverse Isotropy in the Seafloor....Pages 589-597
Seismic Anisotropy in the Upper Crust at DSDP Site 504B....Pages 599-607
A Broad-Band Study of Attenuation in Ocean Bottom Sediments....Pages 609-621
On the Role of Bottom Interface Waves in Ocean Seismo-Acoustics: A Review....Pages 623-641
Observations of Interface Waves and Low-Frequency Acoustic Propagation Over a Rough Granite Seabed....Pages 643-652
A Comparison of Seismic and Hydroacoustic Measurements at Very Low Frequencies in Different Shallow Water Areas....Pages 653-662
Interface Wave Studies on the Ligurian Shelf Using an OBS Array: Experimental Results and Propagation Models....Pages 663-672
A Study of Sea Floor Structure Using Ocean Bottom Shots and Receivers....Pages 673-681
Shear Properties of Ocean Sediments Determined from Numerical Modelling of Scholte Wave Data....Pages 683-692
The Determination of Geoacoustic Models in Shallow Water....Pages 693-702
The Estimation of the Density, P-Wave, and S-Wave Speeds of the Top-Most Layer of Sediments, from Water Bottom Reflection Arrivals....Pages 703-710
Effects of Upper Crustal Geoacoustic Parameters on Low Frequency Sound....Pages 711-720
Evaluation of Experimental Techniques for Determining the Plane Wave Reflection Coefficient at the Sea Floor....Pages 721-730
A Study of Ocean and Seismic Noise at Infrasonic Frequencies....Pages 731-741
Geo-Acoustic Noise Levels in a Deep Ocean Borehole....Pages 743-751
Low Frequency Noise Fields and Signal Characteristics....Pages 753-766
Time Dependence of Infrasonic Ambient Seafloor Noise on a Continental Shelf....Pages 767-778
Infrasonic Attenuation and Ambient Noise....Pages 779-784
Parametric Sources — Design Considerations in the Generation of Low-Frequency Signals....Pages 785-800
The Postcritical Penetration of Low Frequency Parametric Beams through a Water-Sediment Interface....Pages 801-810
The Use of Low and High Frequency Intensity Fluctuations in Sea-Bed Surface Classification....Pages 811-820
Ocean Bottom Seismology: History and Current Status....Pages 821-840
The Use of Love Waves to Determine the Geoacoustic Properties of Marine Sediments....Pages 841-852
Development of a Deep-Towed Seismic System A New Capability for Deep-Ocean Acoustic Measurements....Pages 853-862
Sea-Floor Seismology : Mobile Ocean Bottom Vertical Seismic Array (OBVSA) for Controlled Source Experiments....Pages 863-870
A 12-Channel Marine Eel for Shallow Refraction Surveying of the Seabottom in Coastal Waters....Pages 871-880
Characterization of Average Geoacoustic Bottom Properties from Expected Propagation Behavior at Very Low Frequencies (VLF) Using a Towed Array Simulation....Pages 881-889
Back Matter....Pages 891-915