Ocean Reverberation

Front Matter....Pages i-xii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Sea Surface Reverberation....Pages 3-10
Properties of Bubble Distributions Relevant to Surface Reverberation....Pages 11-24
Sound Scattering from Microbubble Distributions Near the Sea Surface....Pages 25-43
Theoretical Modeling of Low Frequency Acoustic Scattering from Subsurface Bubble Structures....Pages 45-50
Discrete Backscatter Can be Dominant in Rough Bottom Reverberation....Pages 51-57
Sea-Bottom Reverberation: The Role of Volume Inhomogeneities of the Sediment....Pages 59-64
The Perturbation Characterization of Ocean Reverberations....Pages 65-70
The Reduction of Surface Backscatter and Ambient Noise by Monomolecular Films on the Ocean Surface....Pages 71-76
Front Matter....Pages 77-77
High Frequency Acoustic Bottom Backscatter Mechanisms at Shallow Grazing Angles....Pages 79-84
Measurements of High Frequency Reverberation in Shallow Water....Pages 85-90
Frequency Response Measurements on Backscattering from a Shallow Sea Floor, Using a Parametric Source....Pages 91-96
Measurements of Acoustic Backscattering of the Near-Surface Layer....Pages 97-102
Front Matter....Pages 103-103
Numerical Modeling of Three-Dimensional Reverberation from Bottom Facets....Pages 105-112
Numerical Simulations of Lower-Frequency Acoustic Propagation and Backscatter from Solitary Internal Waves in a Shallow Water Environment....Pages 113-118
Reverberation Modeling with the Two-Way Parabolic Equation....Pages 119-124
Calculations of Ocean Bottom and Sub-Bottom Backscattering Using a Time-Domain Finite-Difference Code....Pages 125-130
Time and Angle Spreading from Rough Sediments....Pages 131-137
Rough Surface Scattering as Seen Through the Renormalization Group....Pages 139-144
Long Range 3-D Reverberation and Scattering Modeling Methodology....Pages 145-153
Range-Dependent, Normal-Mode Reverberation Model for Bistatic Geometries....Pages 155-160
Front Matter....Pages 103-103
Measurement, Characterization, and Modeling of Ice and Bottom Backscattering and Reverberation in the Arctic Ocean....Pages 161-166
A Reverberant-Undersea Model for Bottom-Limited Environments....Pages 167-174
Shallow Water Reverberation Modeling....Pages 175-180
Front Matter....Pages 181-181
An Overview of the 1991 Reconnaissance Cruise of the Acoustic Reverberation Special Research Program....Pages 183-188
Long-Range Measurements of Seafloor Reverberation in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge Area....Pages 189-194
Ocean-Basin Scale Inversion of Reverberation Data....Pages 195-201
ARSRP Reconn Results and Bissm Modeling of Direct Path Backscatter....Pages 203-208
Directional Processing of the Simulated Direct Path, Broadband Reverberation Data and Its Interpretation....Pages 209-214
Numerical Scattering Results for a Rough, Unsedimented Seafloor....Pages 215-220
The Effects of Seafloor Roughness on Reverberation: Finite Difference and Kirchhoff Simulations....Pages 221-226
A Numerical Scattering Chamber for Studying Reverberation in the Seafloor....Pages 227-232
Front Matter....Pages 233-233
Low-Frequency Direct-Path Surface and Volume Scattering Measured Using Narrowband and Broadband Pulses....Pages 235-240
Low-Frequency Surface and Bottom Scattering Strengths Measured Using SUS Charges....Pages 241-246
Upslope Propagation Data Versus Two-Way PE....Pages 247-252
Front Matter....Pages 253-253
Low-Frequency Volume Reverberation Measurements....Pages 255-262
Low Frequency Volume Scatter and Distant Reverberation: 200–1500 Hz....Pages 263-270
Ginruns - A 1991 Volume Scattering and Convergence Zone Experiment in the Norwegian Sea....Pages 271-278
Volume Reverberation at Mid Frequencies in the Norwegian Sea....Pages 279-284
Volume Reverberation in the Marginal Ice Zone of Fram Strait....Pages 285-290
Front Matter....Pages 291-291
Analytical Description and Experimental Results for Reverberation-Resistant Acoustic Tracking Signals....Pages 293-298
Front Matter....Pages 291-291
Broadband Adaptive Beamformer for Linear-Frequency-Modulation Active Signals....Pages 299-304
Broadband Pulse Distortion: Waveform Design Issues for Active Systems ....Pages 305-312
Active Matched Field Processing for Clutter Rejection....Pages 313-318
Reverberation Suppression and Modeling....Pages 319-329
Sub-Bottom Scattering at low Frequencies....Pages 331-341
Broadband Detection and Classification of Underwater Sources....Pages 343-348
Front Matter....Pages 349-349
A Geometrical Approach to Medium Low Frequency Reverberation Modeling....Pages 351-360
The Reverberation Array Heading Surface....Pages 361-366
Bistatic Ocean Reverberation Effects....Pages 367-372
Modeling of Wide Area Ocean Reverberation and Noise....Pages 373-378
Rapid Environmental Acoustic Survey and Modeling System....Pages 379-384
Back Matter....Pages 385-403