Nutrition and Diet Therapy: Self-Instructional Approaches

TITLE......Page 2
COPYRIGHT......Page 3
CONTENTS......Page 6
ABOUT THE AUTHORS......Page 20
PREFACE......Page 22
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 24
PART I: NUTRITION BASICS AND APPLICATIONS......Page 26
GLOSSARY......Page 28
BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 29
DIETARY STANDARDS......Page 30
DIETARY GUIDELINES......Page 31
FOOD GUIDANCE SYSTEM......Page 34
RESPONSIBILITIES OF HEALTH PERSONNEL......Page 40
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 1......Page 41
FOOD LABELING......Page 42
FUNCTIONAL FOODS AND NUTRACEUTICALS......Page 46
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 2......Page 47
REFERENCES......Page 48
GLOSSARY......Page 50
FOOD AND SYMBOLS......Page 51
EXAMPLES OF FOOD BEHAVIORS......Page 52
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 1......Page 53
REFERENCE TABLES ON FOOD PATTERNS......Page 54
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 2......Page 57
REFERENCES......Page 58
GLOSSARY......Page 60
DEFINITIONS, ESSENTIALITY, AND REQUIREMENT......Page 61
FUNCTIONS, STORAGE, SOURCES, AND UTILIZATION......Page 62
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 1......Page 63
REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTEIN AND AMINO ACIDS......Page 64
VEGETARIANISM: DIET EVALUATION......Page 65
VEGETARIANISM: DIET PLANNING......Page 66
EXCESSIVE AND DEFICIENT PROTEIN INTAKE......Page 67
RESPONSIBILITIES OF HEALTH PERSONNEL......Page 68
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 2......Page 69
REFERENCES......Page 70
OBJECTIVES......Page 72
BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 73
FUNCTIONS......Page 74
SOURCES, STORAGE, SWEETENERS, AND INTAKE......Page 76
HEALTH IMPLICATIONS......Page 77
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 1......Page 78
DEFINITIONS AND FOOD SOURCES......Page 79
DIET, FATS, AND HEALTH......Page 80
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 2......Page 83
REFERENCES......Page 84
OBJECTIVES......Page 86
BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 87
REFERENCE TABLES......Page 88
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 1......Page 89
ANTIOXIDANTS......Page 92
VITAMINS AND THE PREPARATION AND PROCESSING OF FOOD......Page 94
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 2......Page 98
RESPONSIBILITIES OF HEALTH PERSONNEL......Page 100
PROGRESS CHECK ON CHAPTER 5......Page 101
REFERENCES......Page 102
OBJECTIVES......Page 104
BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 105
CALCIUM......Page 106
POTASSIUM......Page 109
IRON......Page 110
IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH PERSONNEL......Page 113
BODY WATER BALANCE......Page 117
SUMMARY......Page 118
PROGRESS CHECK ON CHAPTER 6......Page 119
REFERENCES......Page 122
GLOSSARY......Page 124
ENERGY MEASUREMENT......Page 125
ENERGY INTAKE AND OUTPUT......Page 126
CALCULATING ENERGY INTAKE......Page 127
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 1......Page 129
BODY COMPOSITION......Page 130
ESTIMATE ENERGY OR CALORIC REQUIREMENTS......Page 131
OBESITY......Page 132
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 2......Page 134
CALORIES, EATING HABITS, AND EXERCISE......Page 135
GUIDELINES FOR DIETING......Page 136
THE BUSINESS OF DIETING......Page 137
SUMMARY......Page 138
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 3......Page 139
REFERENCES......Page 140
PART II: PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION......Page 142
GLOSSARY......Page 144
DIET HISTORY AND METHODS OF EVALUATING DATA......Page 145
RESPONSIBILITIES OF HEALTH PERSONNEL......Page 148
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 1......Page 151
REFERENCES......Page 152
OBJECTIVES......Page 154
BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 155
PREGNANCY: NUTRITIONAL NEEDS AND WEIGHT GAIN......Page 156
LACTATION AND EARLY INFANCY: AN OVERVIEW......Page 158
BREASTFEEDING......Page 159
BOTTLE-FEEDING......Page 160
RESPONSIBILITIES OF HEALTH PERSONNEL......Page 161
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 1......Page 162
TODDLER: AGES ONE TO THREE......Page 164
EARLY CHILDHOOD: HEALTH CONCERNS......Page 165
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 167
ADOLESCENCE: HEALTH CONCERNS......Page 168
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 2......Page 171
EARLY AND MIDDLE ADULTHOOD......Page 172
THE ELDERLY: FACTORS AFFECTING NUTRITION AND DIET......Page 173
NUTRITION QUACKERY......Page 174
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 3......Page 176
ACTIVITY 4: EXERCISE, FITNESS, AND STRESS-REDUCTION PRINCIPLES......Page 178
A GOOD SPORTS BEVERAGE......Page 179
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 4......Page 180
SUMMARY......Page 181
RESPONSIBILITIES OF HEALTH PERSONNEL......Page 182
REFERENCES......Page 183
GLOSSARY......Page 184
BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 185
PROGRESS CHECK ON BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 186
EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON FOOD......Page 187
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS......Page 188
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 1......Page 189
EFFECTS ON PREGNANCY AND LACTATION......Page 190
EFFECTS ON THE ELDERLY......Page 191
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 2......Page 192
REFERENCES......Page 193
OBJECTIVES......Page 196
BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 197
DEFINITION OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENT......Page 198
NEW DIETARY INGREDIENTS......Page 199
UNDERSTANDING CLAIMS......Page 200
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 1......Page 201
VITAMIN B12 AND FOLIC ACID......Page 202
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 2......Page 203
KAVA KAVA......Page 204
GINKGO BILOBA......Page 205
COMFREY......Page 206
ACTIVITY 4: AN EXAMPLE OF SIDE EFFECTS FROM MEDICATIONS FOR HYPERACTIVITY......Page 207
NURSING IMPLICATIONS......Page 209
FDA ENFORCEMENT......Page 212
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 4......Page 214
REFERENCES......Page 215
GLOSSARY......Page 216
BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 217
ALTERNATIVE MEDICAL SYSTEMS......Page 218
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 1......Page 219
ACTIVITY 2: PRODUCTS, DEVICES, AND SERVICES RELATED TO COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE......Page 220
ACUPUNCTURE......Page 221
LAETRILE......Page 222
ST.-JOHN’S-WORT......Page 223
NURSING IMPLICATIONS......Page 224
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 2......Page 225
REFERENCES......Page 226
GLOSSARY......Page 228
BACTERIA AND FOOD TEMPERATURE......Page 229
SAFE FOOD-PREPARATION PRACTICES......Page 233
CASE HISTORIES OF FOOD POISONING IN THE UNITED STATES......Page 234
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 1......Page 235
STORAGE......Page 236
SUMMARY......Page 237
REFERENCES......Page 238
PART III: NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY FOR ADULTS......Page 240
GLOSSARY......Page 242
BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 243
PROGRESS CHECK ON BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 244
MECHANICALLY ALTERED OR FIBER-RESTRICTED DIETS......Page 245
LIQUID DIETS......Page 246
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 2......Page 248
MODIFYING TEXTURE OR CONSISTENCY......Page 250
SPECIAL ENTERAL FEEDINGS (TUBE FEEDINGS)......Page 251
PARENTERAL FEEDING VIA CENTRAL VEIN (TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION [TPN])......Page 252
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 4......Page 254
REFERENCES......Page 255
GLOSSARY......Page 258
BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 259
PROGRESS CHECK ON BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 260
RATIONALE FOR DIET THERAPY......Page 261
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 1......Page 262
GOALS OF DIETARY MANAGEMENT......Page 263
DIETARY MANAGEMENT FOR RECOVERY......Page 264
GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY: AN ILLUSTRATION......Page 265
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 2......Page 266
REFERENCES......Page 267
GLOSSARY......Page 270
BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 271
DEFINITIONS......Page 272
CHOLESTEROL AND LIPID DISORDERS......Page 273
METABOLIC SYNDROME......Page 274
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR DIFFERENT POPULATION GROUPS......Page 275
NURSING IMPLICATIONS......Page 277
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 1......Page 279
DIET AND CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE......Page 280
THE SODIUM-RESTRICTED DIET......Page 281
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 2......Page 282
CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (CVA): STROKE......Page 283
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 3......Page 284
REFERENCES......Page 285
GLOSSARY......Page 286
MOUTH......Page 287
STOMACH: PEPTIC ULCER......Page 288
NURSING IMPLICATIONS......Page 291
DIETARY FIBER INTAKE......Page 293
CONSTIPATION......Page 294
DIVERTICULAR DISEASE......Page 295
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE......Page 296
GASTRIC SURGERY FOR SEVERE OBESITY......Page 297
COLOSTOMY AND ILEOSTOMY......Page 298
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 2......Page 299
REFERENCES......Page 300
GLOSSARY......Page 302
BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 303
TREATMENT AND DIET THERAPY......Page 304
CALORIC REQUIREMENTS......Page 305
FOOD EXCHANGE LISTS......Page 307
INSULIN PREPARATIONS, ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS (OHAS OR DIABETES PILLS), AND NEW DRUG THERAPY......Page 308
NURSING IMPLICATIONS......Page 310
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 1......Page 312
REFERENCES......Page 315
OBJECTIVES......Page 316
BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 317
DIET THERAPY FOR CIRRHOSIS......Page 318
HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY (COMA)......Page 319
LIVER TRANSPLANTS......Page 320
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 1......Page 321
DIET THERAPY FOR GALLBLADDER DISEASE......Page 323
OBESITY, DIETING, AND GALLSTONES......Page 325
DIET THERAPY FOR ACUTE PANCREATITIS......Page 326
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 2......Page 327
REFERENCES......Page 328
GLOSSARY......Page 330
ACTIVITY 1: KIDNEY FUNCTION AND DISEASES......Page 331
PROGRESS CHECK ON BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND ACTIVITY 1......Page 332
DESCRIPTION AND GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 333
NATIONAL KIDNEY FOUNDATIONS......Page 334
NURSING IMPLICATIONS FOR ACTIVITIES 1 AND 2......Page 335
DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS......Page 336
MAJOR RESOURCES......Page 337
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 3......Page 338
DIETARY MANAGEMENT......Page 339
NURSING IMPLICATIONS......Page 340
REFERENCES......Page 341
OBJECTIVES......Page 344
BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 345
ACTIVITY 1: NUTRITION THERAPY IN CANCER......Page 346
THE BODY’S RESPONSE TO MEDICAL THERAPY......Page 347
PLANNING DIET THERAPY......Page 348
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 1......Page 350
BACKGROUND......Page 352
NUTRITION IN TERMINAL ILLNESS......Page 353
FOOD SERVICE AND SANITARY PRACTICES......Page 355
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 2......Page 356
REFERENCES......Page 358
OBJECTIVES......Page 360
NUTRITIONAL AND DIETARY CARE......Page 361
ENTERAL AND PARENTERAL FEEDINGS......Page 362
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 1......Page 363
NITROGEN BALANCE......Page 364
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 2......Page 365
INTRODUCTION......Page 366
FOOD REJECTION......Page 367
NURSING IMPLICATIONS......Page 368
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 3......Page 369
HOSPITAL FEEDING......Page 370
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 4, PART I......Page 371
MANAGEMENT OF BULIMIA AND COMPULSIVE OVEREATING......Page 372
REFERENCES......Page 373
PART IV: DIET THERAPY AND CHILDHOOD DISEASES......Page 376
OBJECTIVES......Page 378
BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 379
TEAMWORK......Page 380
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 1......Page 381
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 382
DISCHARGE AND HOME NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT......Page 383
REFERENCES......Page 384
OBJECTIVES......Page 386
PROGRESS CHECK ON BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 387
GENERAL FEEDING......Page 388
FAMILY INVOLVEMENT AND FOLLOW-UP......Page 389
NURSING IMPLICATIONS......Page 390
REFERENCES......Page 391
GLOSSARY......Page 394
PRINCIPLES OF DIET THERAPY......Page 395
NURSING IMPLICATIONS......Page 396
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 1......Page 398
NURSING IMPLICATIONS......Page 399
REFERENCES......Page 400
OBJECTIVES......Page 402
BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 403
FORMULAS AND REGULAR FOODS......Page 404
NURSING IMPLICATIONS......Page 405
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 1......Page 406
REFERENCES......Page 407
GLOSSARY......Page 408
SYMPTOMS AND MANAGEMENT......Page 409
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT......Page 410
NURSING IMPLICATIONS......Page 411
COMMON ALLERGENS......Page 412
PEANUT ALLERGY AND DEATHS......Page 413
ACTIVITY 3: INSPECTING FOODS TO AVOID ALLERGIC REACTIONS......Page 414
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 3......Page 415
REFERENCES......Page 416
OBJECTIVES......Page 418
PROGRESS CHECK ON BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 419
LOFENALAC AND PHENYLALANINE FOOD EXCHANGE LISTS......Page 420
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 421
FOLLOW-UP CARE......Page 422
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 1......Page 423
REFERENCES......Page 424
OBJECTIVES......Page 426
INFANTS......Page 427
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 1......Page 428
TREATMENT AND CAUTION......Page 429
PROGRESS CHECK ON ACTIVITY 2......Page 430
NUTRIENT NEEDS......Page 431
PREMATURE BABIES: AN ILLUSTRATION......Page 432
REFERENCES......Page 434
APPENDICES......Page 436
APPENDIX A: WEIGHTS FOR ADULTS......Page 438
APPENDIX B: MENUS FOR A HEALTHY DIET......Page 442
APPENDIX C: DRUGS AND NUTRITION......Page 450
APPENDIX D: CDC GROWTH CHARTS......Page 456
APPENDIX E: WEIGHTS AND MEASURES......Page 474
APPENDIX F: FOOD EXCHANGE LISTS......Page 476
ANSWERS TO PROGRESS CHECKS......Page 488
POSTTESTS......Page 508
ANSWERS TO POSTTESTS......Page 572
INDEX......Page 582