Nursing and healthcare research at a glance

Contributors ix     Preface xiii     35 Triangulation in research 70     Part 1 What is healthcare research? 1     1 The research journey 2     2 Types of review and their purpose 4     3 Using databases to search the literature 6     4 Undertaking a Cochrane systematic review 8     5 Undertaking a Joanna Briggs Institute systematic review 10     6 Using EndNote 12     7 Using the PICO framework 14     8 Using the SPICE framework 16     9 Using grey literature in the quest for evidence 17     10 Why does research need evaluating? 18     11 Key issues in evaluating research 20     12 Critically reviewing a research paper 22     13 The hierarchy of evidence 24     14 Factors influencing research design 26     15 Patient and public involvement in research 28     16 Descriptive studies 30     17 Action research 32     18 Participatory health research 34     19 The ethics of healthcare research 36     20 Preparing a research proposal 38     21 Developing a patient research information pack 40     22 Getting the most from supervision 42     23 Writing a research report 44     24 Implementation of healthcare research 46     25 Barriers to research utilisation 48     26 Designing service evaluations 50     27 Designing audit tools for measuring compliance 52     Part 2 Quantitative research 55     28 Quantitative and qualitative research approaches 56     29 Understanding the randomised controlled trial 58     30 Quasi-experimental study design 60     31 Case-control studies 62     32 Cross-sectional design 64     33 Survey research methods 66     34 Factorial survey using vignettes 68     Part 3 Qualitative research 73     36 Ethnography 74     37 Qualitative observational methods 76     38 Phenomenology 78     39 Grounded theory 80     40 Classical grounded theory 82     41 Case study research 84     42 Focus group research 86     43 The Delphi process 88     44 The nominal group technique 90     45 The icon metaphor technique 92     46 Interpretative phenomenological analysis 94     47 Theory building 96     48 Qualitative interviewing 98     49 Thematic analysis 100     50 Social network analysis 102     51 Critical discourse analysis 104     52 Bricolage research methods 106     53 Narrative inquiry 108     54 Appreciative inquiry 110     55 Qualitative data analysis software packages 112     Part 4 Research techniques 115     56 Questionnaire design 116     57 Using web-based tools to design a questionnaire 118     58 Quality of life scales 120     59 The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 122     60 Kelly   s repertory grids 124     61 Critical incident technique 126     Part 5 Conducting research with special groups 129     62 Conducting research with vulnerable groups 130     63 Research methods applicable to vulnerable groups 132     64 Draw and write/tell technique 134     65 Engaging children and young people in research 136     66 Photographic elicitation as a means of collecting data 138     67 Focus groups with children and young people 140     68 Critical ethnography with children 142     69 Using pre-test post-test designs with children 144     70 Conducting research with older adults 146     71 Conducting surveys with people with learning disabilities 148     72 Conducting focus groups with people with learning disabilities 150     73 People with learning disabilities as co-researchers 152     74 Undertaking research with family carers 154     75 Obtaining consent from vulnerable groups 156     76 Living lab approach 158     Part 6 Historical research 161     77 What is historiography? 162     78 Source criticism 164     79 Critiquing historical research 166     80 Oral tradition 168     Part 7 Educational research 171     81 Secondary data analysis: analysing documents 172     82 Traditional annotation and coding 174     83 Video-View-Point 176     84 Ethnography and healthcare education 178     85 Semantic annotation of skills-based sessions 180     86 Actor network theory 182     Part 8 Appendices 185     1 Sampling 186     2 Calculating the required sample size 188     3 Estimating population means 188     4 Research data management 189     5 Types of data 190     6 Data requirement planning 190     7 Descriptive statistics 191     8 Frequency distribution 191     9 Hypothesis testing and statistical significance 192     10 Choosing the right test 192     11 Non-parametric tests 193     12 Student   s t-test 193     13 Analysis of variance 194     14 Tabulating data and the chi-squared test 195     15 Correlation 196     16 Measuring and interpreting correlation 197     17 Simple linear regression 199     18 Meta-analysis 200     19 Propensity score matching 201     20 Mokken scaling 203     Index 205