Nursery practices in oil palm: a manual

Cover......Page 1
Nursery Practices in Oil Palm: A Manual......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 8
Acknowledgements......Page 10
Preface......Page 12
 1.1 History of Oil Palm Nursery Practices......Page 14
 1.2 Importance of Nursery Best Management Practices......Page 16
  References......Page 20
 2.1 The Importance of Health and Safety......Page 22
  References......Page 24
 3.1 Site Selection......Page 25
  3.1.3 Area......Page 26
  3.1.4 Accessibility and nursery roads......Page 27
  3.2.1 Nursery tools and materials......Page 28
  3.2.3 Fencing the site......Page 30
  3.2.4 Irrigation preparation......Page 31
   System layout......Page 32
   System capacity......Page 33
 3.3 Single- or Double-stage Nursery......Page 34
  3.3.2 Double-stage nursery......Page 35
  3.4.2 Preparation for ramets......Page 37
  References......Page 39
 4.1 Materials and Tools......Page 41
  4.2.1 Bed preparation for sowing germinated seed......Page 42
  4.2.3 Shade construction......Page 43
 4.3 Practices for Planting Germinated Seeds and Ramets......Page 44
   Step 3......Page 45
   Step 5......Page 46
   Step 8......Page 47
   Step 10......Page 48
   Steps in planting the ramets: Step 1......Page 49
  Step 1: Design of beds......Page 50
  Step 2: Labelling......Page 51
  References......Page 52
 5.1 Materials and Tools......Page 53
  5.2.2 Filling large planting bags with soil medium......Page 54
  5.2.3 Spacing the planting bags......Page 55
   Step 7......Page 56
  5.2.4 Holing......Page 57
  5.3.1 Transplanting to the main nursery......Page 58
   Step 4......Page 59
   Step 6......Page 60
  5.3.2 Supply palms......Page 61
  5.3.3 Transport to the field......Page 63
   Step 4......Page 64
  5.4.4 Transport to the field for trial work......Page 65
   Step 3......Page 66
  References......Page 67
 6.1 Considerations for Fertiliser Programmes......Page 68
  6.2.1 Considerations in applying fertiliser to pre-nursery and rametry plants......Page 69
 6.4 Fertigation......Page 70
 6.5 Care in the Use of Fertilisers in the Nursery......Page 73
  References......Page 74
  7.1.1 Increased beneficial use of water......Page 75
  7.1.2 Crop water requirements......Page 77
  7.2.2 Watering in main nursery......Page 79
  References......Page 81
 8.1 Considerations for Culling......Page 82
 8.2 Culling in the Pre-nursery......Page 83
 8.3 Culling in the Main Nursery......Page 84
  References......Page 86
 9.2 Chemical Weeding......Page 87
 9.3 Manual Weeding......Page 88
  Reference......Page 89
 10.1 Common Pests in the Nursery......Page 90
 10.2 Common Diseases in the Nursery......Page 92
 10.3 Pest and Disease Management Control......Page 93
  10.3.1 Control of pests......Page 95
  10.3.2 Control of diseases......Page 96
  References......Page 97
 11.1 Traits to be Scored......Page 99
 11.2 DNA Extraction......Page 100
 11.3 DNA Testing......Page 101
 11.4 Future Pre-field Screening......Page 102
  References......Page 103
 12.1 Pests and Diseases in the Nursery......Page 105
  Closed facility......Page 106
  Open facility......Page 109
  Fumigation location......Page 111
  Vapour heat treatment......Page 112
  References......Page 113
Index......Page 116
Back Cover......Page 122