Nuclei and Particles: An Introduction to Nuclear and Subnuclear Physics

Preface to the Second Edition

Preface to the First Edition

Selected Bibliography

CHAPTER 1  History and Introduction
     1-1 UNITS
     1-2 TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS
     BIBLIOGRAPHY
     PROBLEMS


PART 1  TOOLS
     
CHAPTER 2  The Passage of Radiations through Matter
          2-1 INTRODUCTION
          2-2 RUTHERFORD SCATTERING
          2-3 ENERGY LOSS DUE TO IONIZATION
          2-4 ENERGY LOSS OF ELECTRONS
          2-5 POLARIZATION EFFECTS-CERENKOV RADIATION
          2-6 IONIZATION IN GASES AND SEMICONDUCTORS
          2-7 MULTIPLE SCATTERING
          2-8 STRAGGLING
          2-9 PASSAGE OF GAMMA RAYS THROUGH MATTER
          2-10 RADIATION LOSS BY FAST ELECTRONS
          2-11 RADIATION LENGTH; SHOWERS
          2-12 POSITRON ANNIHILATION
          2-13 POLARIZATION PHENOMENA
          BIBLIOGRAPHY
          PROBLEMS
     
CHAPTER 3  Detection Methods for Nuclear Radiations
          3-1 CLASSIFICATION
          3-2 IONIZATION CHAMBERS AND SOLID-STATE DETECTORS
          3-3 PROPORTIONAL AND GEIGER-MULLER COUNTERS
          3-4 SCINTILLATION COUNTERS
          3-5 CERENKOV COUNTERS
          3-6 PHOTOGRAPHIC EMULSIONS
          3-7 NUCLEAR TRACKS IN SOLIDS
          3-8 CLOUD CHAMBERS
          3-9 BUBBLE CHAMBERS
          3-10 SPARK CHAMBER AND STREAMER CHAMBER
          3-11 ELECTRONICS
          3-12 COMPLEX NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS
          3-13 CHARGED-PARTICLE SPECTROMETERS
          3-14 GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETERS
          BIBLIOGRAPHY
          PROBLEMS
     
CHAPTER 4  Particle Accelerators
          4-1 INTRODUCTION AND CLASSIFICATION
          4-2 POTENTIAL-DROP ACCELERATORS
          4-3 THE BETATRON
          4-4 THE CYCLOTRON
          4-5 PHASE OSCILLATIONS AND STABILITY
          4-6 THE SYNCHROTRON AND PROTON SYNCHROTRON
          4-7 STRONG FOCUSING
          4-8 LINEAR ACCELERATORS
          4-9 COLLIDING BEAMS
          4-10 BEAM-TRANSPORT APPARATUS
          BIBLIOGRAPHY
          PROBLEMS
     
CHAPTER 5  Radioactive Decay
          5-1 CONTINUUM THEORY-ONE SUBSTANCE
          5-2 CONTINUUM THEORY-MORE THAN ONE SUBSTANCE
          5-3 BRANCHING
          5-4 SOME UNITS USED IN RADIOACTIVITY; DOSIMETRY
          5-5 FLUCTUATIONS IN RADIOACTIVE DECAY-GENERAL THEORY
          5-6 FLUCTUATIONS IN RADIOACTIVE DECAY-APPLICATIONS
          5-7 METHOD OF MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
          5-8 METHODS OF MEASURING DECAY CONSTANTS
          5-9 CHRONOLOGICAL AND GEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
          BIBLIOGRAPHY
          PROBLEMS


PART 2  THE NUCLEUS
     
CHAPTER 6  Elements of the Nuclear Structure and Systematics
          6-1 CHARGE
          6-2 MASS
          6-3 NUCLEAR RADII
          6-4 MESIC AND EXOTIC ATOMS
          6-5 NUCLEAR STATISTICS
          6-6 THE NUCLEUS AS A FERMI GAS
          6-7 THE LIQUID DROP MODEL
          6-8 ELECTRIC MOMENTS OF NUCLEI
          6-9 SPIN AND MAGNETIC MOMENTS I
          6-10 SPIN AND MAGNETIC MOMENTS (MEASUREMENTS) II
          6-11 NUCLEAR POLARIZATION
          6-12 VALUES OF SPIN, MAGNETIC MOMENTS, AND QUADRUPOLE MOMENTS
          6-13 SHELL MODEL
          6-14 THE PAIRING INTERACTION
          6-15 COLLECTIVE NUCLEAR MODEL
          6-16 ROTATIONAL LEVELS
          6-17 CONCLUDING REMARKS
          BIBLIOGRAPHY
          PROBLEMS
     
CHAPTER 7  Alpha Emission
          7-1 INTRODUCTION: BARRIER PENETRATION
          7-2 FINE STRUCTURE OF ALPHA SPECTRA
          7-3 SYSTEMATICS OF ALPHA DECAY
          7-4 VIRTUAL BINDING
          BIBLIOGRAPHY
          PROBLEMS
     
CHAPTER 8  Gamma Emission
          8-1 INTRODUCTION
          8-2 SELECTION RULES
          8-3 TRANSITION PROBABILITIES
          8-4 INTERNAL CONVERSION
          8-5 NUCLEAR ISOMERISM
          8-6 ANGULAR CORRELATIONS IN GAMMA EMISSION
          8-7 COULOMB EXCITATION
          8-8 NUCLEAR FLUORESCENCE
          BIBLIOGRAPHY
          PROBLEMS
     
CHAPTER 9  Beta Decay
          9-1 INTRODUCTION
          9-2 EXPERIMENTS ON THE NEUTRINO
          9-3 ENERGETICS OF BETA DECAY
          9-4 CLASSIFICATION OF INTERACTIONS. PARITY
          9-5 FERMI'S THEORY OF BETA DECAY
          9-6 MATRIX ELEMENT
          9-7 FURTHER EXPERIMENTS ON THE WEAK INTERACTION
          9-8 THEORY OF THE BETA INTERACTION
          9-9 QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF SOME MATRIX ELEMENTS
          9-10 CONSERVATION OF LEPTONS
          9-11 UNIVERSAL FERMI INTERACTION
          BIBLIOGRAPHY
          PROBLEMS
     
CHAPTER 10  The Two-Body Systems and Nuclear Forces
          10-1 THE DEUTERON
          10-2 LOW-ENERGY NEUTRON-PROTON SCATTERING
          10-3 PROTON-PROTON SYSTEM AND SCATTERING
          10-4 CHARGE INDEPENDENCE OF NUCLEAR FORCES-ISOTOPIC SPIN
          10-5 SPIN-DEPENDENT AND TENSOR FORCES
          10-6 NUCLEON-NUCLEON FORCES; EXCHANGE FORCES
          10-7 POLARIZATION; HIGH-ENERGY NUCLEAR SCATTERING
          10-8 CAPTURE OF SLOW NEUTRONS BY HYDROGEN
          10-9 PHOTODISINTEGRATION OF THE DEUTERON
          BIBLIOGRAPHY
          PROBLEMS
     
CHAPTER 11  Nuclear Reactions
          11-1 INTRODUCTION
          11-2 GENERAL FEATURES OF CROSS SECTIONS
          11-3 INVERSE REACTION-DETAILED BALANCE
          11-4 REACTION MECHANISMS. THE COMPOUND NUCLEUS (QUALITATIVE)
          11-5 FORMAL DEVELOPMENTS-SCATTERING MATRIX
          11-6 RESONANCES
          11-7 OPTICAL MODEL
          11-8 COMPOUND NUCLEUS-LEVEL DENSITY
          11-9 DIRECT REACTIONS
          11-10 THE FISSION PROCESS
          11-11 HEAVY-ION NUCLEAR REACTIONS
          11-12 PHOTONUCLEAR REACTIONS
          11-13 "INTERMEDIATE ENERGY" REACTIONS
          BIBLIOGRAPHY
          PROBLEMS
     
CHAPTER 12  Neutrons
          2-1 NEUTRON SOURCES
          12-2 SLOWING DOWN OF NEUTRONS
          12-3 ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS OF NEUTRONS FROM A MONOENERGETIC SOURCE
          12-4 MEAN DISTANCE FROM A POINT SOURCE VS. ENERGY
          12-5 DIFFUSION THEORY-INTRODUCTION
          12-6 THE AGE EQUATION
          12-7 DIFFUSION OF THERMAL NEUTRONS
          12-8 CHAIN-REACTING PILE
          12-9 PILE KINETICS
          12-10 BREEDING AND CONVERTING
          12-11 FUSION REACTIONS
          12-12 EFFECT OF CHEMICAL BINDING OF HYDROGEN SCATTERER
          12-13 LOW-ENERGY SCATTERING FROM COMPLEX NUCLEI
          12-14 DETERMINATION OF SCATTERING LENGTHS
          12-15 SCATTERING IN ORTHO- AND PARAHYDROGEN
          12-16 INTERFERENCE PHENOMENA IN CRYSTALS
          12-17 INDEX OF REFRACTION
          12-18 POLARIZATION OF SLOW-NEUTRON BEAMS
          BIBLIOGRAPHY
          PROBLEMS


PART 3  PARTICLES
     
CHAPTER 13  Introduction to Particle Physics
          13-1 GENERAL IDEAS, NOMENCLATURE, AND CATALOGUE OF PARTICLES
          13-2 ASSOCIATED PRODUCTION; STRANGENESS
          13-3 INTERACTIONS; CONSERVATION LAWS
          13-4 SOME NEW SYMMETRIES AND SELECTION RULES
          13-5 CPT THEOREM
          13-6 CROSSING RELATIONS
          13-7 EXPERIMENTS ON MASS, LIFE, AND OTHER PARTICLE PROPERTIES
          BIBLIOGRAPHY
          PROBLEMS
     
CHAPTER 14  Leptons
          14-1 NEUTRINOS
          14-2 MUON PRODUCTION AND DECAY
          14-3 MUON CAPTURE
          14-4 SPIN AND MAGNETIC MOMENT OF MUONS
          BIBLIOGRAPHY
          PROBLEMS
     
CHAPTER 15  Pions and Other Bosons
          15-1 THE YUKAWA INTERACTION
          15-2 SPIN OF THE PIONS
          15-3 INTRINSIC PARITY
          15-4 ISOTOPIC SPIN OF PIONS
          15-5 PION-NUCLEON SCATTERING AND RESONANCES
          15-6 NUCLEAR-COLLISION PRODUCTION AND PHOTOPRODUCTION OF PIONS
          15-7 THE p, co, AND OTHER STRONGLY DECAYING BOSONS
          15-8 DALITZ PLOTS
          15-9 THE rl AND K MESONS
          15-10 PERIPHERAL COLLISIONS
          BIBLIOGRAPHY
          PROBLEMS
    
CHAPTER 16  Baryons
          16-1 BARYON GENERATION
          16-2 BARYON SPIN MEASUREMENTS
          16-3 HYPERFRAGMENTS
          BIBLIOGRAPHY
          PROBLEMS
     
CHAPTER 17  Classification of Hadrons, Quarks, and SU (3)
          17-1 SAKATA'S MODEL; QUARKS
          17-2 COMBINATION OF QUARKS
          17-3 MASS FORMULAS
          17-4 CROSS-SECTION PREDICTIONS BY SU(3) AND QUARKS
          17-5 REGGE RECURRENCES
          17-6 CHARM
          17-7 COLOR
          BIBLIOGRAPHY
          PROBLEMS
     
CHAPTER 18  Form Factors and a+e- collisions
          18-1 FORM FACTORS FOR NUCLEONS
          18-2 ELECTRON-PROTON INELASTIC SCATTERING
          18-3 ELECTRON-POSITRON COLLISIONS
          18-4 THE p-PARTICLES
          BIBLIOGRAPHY
          PROBLEMS
     
CHAPTER 19  Weak Interactions Revisited
          19-1 CONSERVED CURRENT
          19-2 SELECTION RULES IN STRANGE DECAYS; CABIBBO'S THEORY
          19-3 NEUTRAL CURRENTS; UNIFICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETISM AND WEAK INTERACTIONS
          19-4 INTERMEDIATE BOSONS
          19-5 SOME FURTHER EXAMPLES OF WEAK DECAYS
          19-6 THE K°-K° DOUBLET
          19-7 CP VIOLATION IN K DECAY
          BIBLIOGRAPHY
          PROBLEMS
     
CHAPTER 20  High-Energy Collisions of Hadrons
          20-1 INTRODUCTION
          20-2 STATISTICAL THEORY OF HIGH-ENERGY COLLISIONS
          20-3 MAIN FEATURES OF HIGH-ENERGY COLLISIONS
          20-4 DIFFRACTION SCATTERING
          20-5 EXCHANGE COLLISIONS; REGGE POLES
          20-6 INCLUSIVE REACTIONS; SCALING
          BIBLIOGRAPHY
          PROBLEMS

APPENDIX A  Scattering from a Fixed Center of Force

APPENDIX B  Effective Range

APPENDIX C  Description of Polarized Beams (Spin 1/2)
     PROBLEM

APPENDIX D  Kinematics of Binary Collisions
     PROBLEMS

APPENDIX E  Composition of Angular Momenta

Author Index

Subject Index