Novel Concepts, Systems and Technology for Sludge Management in Emergency and Slum Settings

Chapter 1 Introduction 
1.1 General introduction 
1.2 Sanitation in emergency situations 
1.3 Challenges in emergency faecal sludge management and the need for alternative technology options 
1.4 Aim and scope of the thesis 
1.5 Research hypotheses 
1.6 Objectives 
1.7 Outline 
References 
Chapter 2 Emergency sanitation: A review of potential technologies and selection criteria 
Abstract 
2.1 Introduction 
2.2 Challenges in emergency sanitation 
2.3 Sanitation options for faecal sludge and wastewater disposal in emergencies 
2.4 Selection of sanitation technologies in emergency response 
2.5 Conclusions and recommendations
References 
Chapter 3 Innovative approaches to emergency sanitation: The concept of the emergency sanitation operation system - eSOS® 
Abstract 
3.1 Introduction 
3.2 eSOS® 
3.3 eSOS® kit 
3.4 eSOS® smart toilets 
3.5 Intelligent faecal sludge collection vehicles tracking system 
3.6 Faecal sludge treatment facility 
3.7 Emergency sanitation coordination centre 
3.8 eSOS® operation 
3.9 Costs and eSOS business model 
3.10 Concluding remarks 
Acknowledgments 
References 
Chapter 4 Microwave technology as a viable sanitation technology option for sludge treatment 
4.1 The microwave technology 
4.2 Microwave heating system 
4.3 Principles of microwave technology 
4.4 Mechanisms of microwave heating 
4.5 State of art of microwave application in waste treatment 
4.6 Conclusions and recommendations
References 
Chapter 5 Evaluation of a microwave based reactor for the treatment of blackwater sludge 
Abstract 
5.1 Introduction 
5.2 Materials and methods 
5.3 Results 
5.4 Discussion 
5.5 Conclusions and recommendations
Acknowledgments 
References 
Chapter 6 Microwave treatment of faecal sludge from intensively used toilets in the slums of Nairobi, Kenya 
Abstract 
6.1 Introduction 
6.2 Materials and methods 
6.3 Results 
6.4 Discussion 
6.5 Conclusions and recommendations
Acknowledgments 
References 
Chapter 7 Design, development and evaluation of a pilot-scale microwave based technology for sludge sanitization and drying 
Abstract 
7.1 Introduction 
7.2 The concept 
7.3 Research approach 
7.4 Validation, design, development and production 
7.5 Preliminary experimental tests and improvements 
7.6 Evaluation of pilot-scale microwave reactor unit version 3 
7.7 Materials and methods 
7.8 Results and discussion 
7.9 Conclusions 
Acknowledgments 
References 
Chapter 8 Conclusions and outlook 
8.1 Conclusions 
8.2 General outlook 
References