Northern English: A Social and Cultural History

Front Cover\r......Page 1
Title Page\r......Page 4
Copyright\r......Page 5
Dedication\r......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Maps......Page 10
Preface......Page 12
Abbreviations and symbols......Page 15
1.1 Introduction: an ‘alternative’ history of English......Page 20
1.2 The ‘boundaries’ of Northern English......Page 28
1.3 ‘The North is a different country’: the mythologies of Northern English......Page 43
2.1Northerndialectsand‘boundaries’intheOld Englishperiod......Page 51
2.2 ‘The far North’: Northern English and Scots......Page 68
2.3 The impact of the Scandinavian settlements......Page 72
2.4 Conclusion: the roots of diversity......Page 81
3.1 A North–South divide? Images of Northern English to 1700......Page 83
3.2 The ‘spread’ of Northern features into London English......Page 101
3.3 On the margins: attitudes to Northern English in the eighteenth century......Page 112
3.4 Northern English and the routes of Romanticism......Page 123
4.1 ‘The two nations’: the impact of industrialization......Page 134
4.2 ‘The Road to Wigan Pier’: Northern English in performance......Page 146
4.3 ‘Between Two Worlds’: Northern English and liminality......Page 160
4.4 Epilogue: Northern English transported......Page 170
5.1 The 1960s and beyond: the ‘renaissance’ of Northern English?......Page 179
5.2 The influence of RP and ‘Estuary English’ on Northern English?......Page 186
5.3.1 Northern English grammar......Page 197
5.3.2 Northern discourse features......Page 209
5.3.3 Northern vocabulary......Page 214
5.4 Conclusion: whither Northern English?......Page 218
Epigraph......Page 231
References......Page 232
Indexof Northern English features......Page 260
General index......Page 266