Nitrogen Loading in Coastal Water Bodies: An Atmospheric Perspective

Title Page......Page 1
Copyright......Page 2
Contents......Page 3
Preface......Page 4
Introduction......Page 6
Sources of Nitrogen to our Estuaries......Page 7
Airsheds and Watersheds......Page 9
This Assessment......Page 10
References......Page 14
Abstract......Page 16
Introduction......Page 17
A. AD-N Composition and Sources......Page 19
C. AD-N Residence Times and Airsheds......Page 23
Biogeochemical and Ecological Impacts of AD-N......Page 24
A. Watershed Impacts and Processing:Effects of Elevated N Inputs to Forests and Soils......Page 26
1. Freshwater Impacts
......Page 27
2. Coastal N Utilization Dynamics
......Page 29
3. Estuarine and Coastal Eutrophication: The Role of Nitrogen......Page 30
4. The Impacts of N Enrichment on Nutrient Concentratios and Ratios
......Page 31
A. Chesapeake Bay......Page 33
B. Albemarle-Pamlico Sound-Neuse River Estuary
......Page 34
1. Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts......Page 37
2. Barnegat Bay, New Jersey......Page 38
3. Tampa Bay, Florida: Reversing N -Driven Eutrophication
......Page 39
D. Gulf of Mexico: Mississippi  River Plume
......Page 40
E. Atlantic Continental Shelf......Page 42
Research and Management Recommendations
......Page 44
References......Page 46
Introduction......Page 58
Ammonium and Nitrate......Page 59
Organic Nitrogen......Page 62
Methodologies for Dry Deposition of Nitrate......Page 64
Extended RADM......Page 68
Total N Deposition to Watershed......Page 71
Total Deposition to Water......Page 73
Annual and Temporal Variability in Wet Deposition......Page 75
Annual and Temporal Variability in Dry Deposition......Page 79
References......Page 80
Introduction......Page 82
Characteristics of the Watershed/Estuary Systems
......Page 83
Nitrogen Fixation......Page 87
Sources of Uncertainty : Anthropogenic N Input to Watersheds 
......Page 89
Nitrogen Export from Watershed to Estuaries
......Page 90
Agricultural Lands......Page 91
Urban Areas......Page 92
Nitrogen Losses in Surface Waters
......Page 94
Net Anthropogenic Inputs to the Watershed
......Page 96
Watershed N Retention......Page 100
Sources of N to Estuaries
......Page 102
Atmospheric N Deposition......Page 103
Summary, conclusions and Recommendations 
......Page 106
References......Page 108
Introduction......Page 112
Methods......Page 113
Predicting Loading Values......Page 114
Conclusions......Page 119
References......Page 121
Abstract......Page 124
1. Introduction......Page 125
2.1 Background......Page 126
2.2 The Sparrow Model......Page 128
2.3 In-stream Monitoring Data......Page 130
2.4 Watershed Data......Page 132
2.4.1 Nitrate Wet-Deposition
......Page 133
3.1 Calibration of The Model
......Page 136
3.2 Model Parameter Estimates......Page 137
3.3 Model Predictions of Nitrogen Export
......Page 140
4.1 Total Nitrogen Export......Page 141
4.2 Atmospheric Nitrogen......Page 142
4.3 Other Source Contributions......Page 144
4.4 Estimates of Uncertainty
......Page 148
4.5 Landscape and Aquatic Attenuation
......Page 149
4.6 Geographic Origins of Atmospheric  Nitrogen
......Page 154
5. Comparisons With Other L Arge-Scale Spatial Models
......Page 155
5.1.1 The Swat Agricultural Model......Page 158
5.1.2 Results of Comparisons with SWAT 
......Page 159
5.1.3 Discussion of Model Comparisons
......Page 160
5.2.1 Chesapeake  Bay 挀戀 Sparrow Model......Page 163
5.2.2 Hspf Model......Page 166
5.2.3 Resultsa and Discussionof Modelc Omparisons
......Page 167
6. Summary and Conclusions
......Page 169
References......Page 172
The Uncertainty in Compilations of Nitrogen Loads......Page 176
Sources of Uncertainty......Page 177
Flux......Page 180
Uncertainty Incorporated in Comparisons......Page 182
Inter-annual Variation......Page 185
Concluding Remarks......Page 188
References......Page 189
Introduction......Page 191
Biogeochemical and Ecological Implications......Page 192
The Nitrogen Estimates......Page 194
Nitrogen Loading Estimate Comparisons......Page 207
Conclusions......Page 225
References......Page 229
Appendix 1 An Annotated Summary of Nitrogen Loading to US Estuaries......Page 231
Estuary: Great Bay Maine and New Hampshire......Page 232
Estuary: Waquoit Bay......Page 233
Estuary: Narragansett Bay......Page 234
Estuary: Long Island Sound......Page 235
Estuary: Peconic Bay......Page 236
Estuary: Barnegat Bay......Page 237
Estuary: Delaware Bay......Page 238
Estuary: Delaware Inland Bays......Page 239
Estuary: Chesapeake Bay......Page 240
References......Page 241
Estuary: Maryland Coastal Bays......Page 242
References......Page 243
Reference......Page 244
Estuary: Neuse River Estuary......Page 245
Estuary: North Inlet......Page 246
Reference......Page 247
Reference......Page 248
Reference......Page 249
Estuary: Tampa Bay......Page 250
References......Page 251
Estuary: Texas Coast Nueces, M ission-Aransas, G uadalupeL, Lavaca-Colorado, Trinity-San Jacinto
......Page 252
References......Page 256
List of Contibutors......Page 257