Nitrogen Fixation: Achievements and Objectives

Front Matter....Pages i-xvii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Recent studies on the biochemistry and chemistry of nitrogenases....Pages 3-13
Nodulation genetics: the plant-bacterial interface....Pages 15-19
Physiological, metabolic and developmental implications of O 2 regulation in legume nodules....Pages 21-32
Regulation of nitrogen fixation and assimilation genes in the free-living versus symbiotic state....Pages 33-44
Evolution, structure and function of nitrogen-fixing root nodules: Confessions of ignorance....Pages 45-54
Nitrogen cycling and human intervention....Pages 55-66
H 2 cycling in N 2 fixation: Past, present, and future outlook....Pages 67-76
Front Matter....Pages 77-77
Analysis of Azotobacter vinelandii strains containing defined deletions in nif genes required for FeMo-co biosynthesis....Pages 79-86
 In vitro synthesis of the iron-molybdenum cofactor and its analogs: Requirement of a non- nif gene product for the synthesis, and altered properties of dinitrogenase....Pages 87-93
Identification of FeMoco domains within the nitrogenase MoFe protein....Pages 95-102
Kinetics and mechanisms of ATP hydrolysis, electron transfers and proton release by Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogenase....Pages 103-109
Crystal structure of the nitrogenase iron protein from Azotobacter vinelandii ....Pages 111-116
Structure of the nitrogenase MoFe protein: Spatial distribution of the intrinsic metal atoms determined by X-ray anomalous scattering....Pages 117-124
Vanadium nitrogenase of Azotobacter ....Pages 125-133
Possible structural analogs for the Fe/M/S sites in the nitrogenases. The[Fe 6 S 6 (L) 6 (M(CO) 3 ) 2 ] n- clusters and the [(MFe 3 S 4 ) 2 (μ 2 -S)(μ 2 -L)] n- singly- and doubly-bridged double cubanes....Pages 135-144
Workshop summary: How is the MoFe protein organized to fix nitrogen?....Pages 145-148
Front Matter....Pages 175-175
 Rhizobium meliloti nodulation genes specify the production of an alfalfa-specific sulfated lipo-oligosaccharide signal....Pages 177-186
Surface interactions between rhizobia and legume root hairs....Pages 187-192
Isolation, characterization, and structural elucidation of a “ nod signal” excreted by Rhizobium trifolii ANU843 which induces root hair branching and nodule-like primordia in axenic white clover seedlings....Pages 193-197
Recent studies on the Rhizobium -legume symbiosis....Pages 199-200
Front Matter....Pages 175-175
The Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae NodO protein compensates for the exported signal made by the host-specific nodulation genes....Pages 201-206
 Rhizobium meliloti nodulation genes and their regulation....Pages 207-213
Regulatory steps in nodulation by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv viciae ....Pages 215-218
Nutrient exchange across the peribacteroid membrane of isolated symbiosomes....Pages 219-226
Immunological dissection of the plant-microbe interface in pea nodules....Pages 227-234
Endosymbiosis of Rhizobium : Internalization of the “extracellular compartment” and metabolites exchange....Pages 235-237
Workshop summary: Compilation of the nod, fix , and nif genes of Rhizobia and information concerning their function....Pages 239-244
Front Matter....Pages 281-281
Limiting factors in symbiotic nitrogen fixation: Structure and dynamics of the Rhizobium genome....Pages 283-284
Oxygen diffusion in the legume root nodule....Pages 285-292
A genetic approach to analyze the critical role of oxygen in bacteroid metabolism....Pages 293-300
Molecular analysis of terminal oxidases in electron-transport pathways of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azotobacter vinelandii ....Pages 301-308
Metabolism of C 4 -dicarboxylates and amino acids in soybean nodule bacteroids, and their role in energy supply to nitrogenase....Pages 309-314
Measurement of N 2 fixation by 15 N natural abundance in the management of legume crops: roles and precautions....Pages 315-322
Genetic analysis of sym genes and other nodule-related genes in Pisum sativum ....Pages 323-330
Host legume control of nodulation by flavonoids....Pages 331-338
Front Matter....Pages 367-367
Ecological aspects of nitrogen fixation....Pages 369-370
The ecology of indigenous populations of Rhizobium leguminosarum bvs. trifolii and viceae ....Pages 371-378
Molecular analysis of the denitrification system of pseudomonads....Pages 379-386
Production of nitrite and N 2 O by the ammonia-oxidizing nitrifiers....Pages 387-392
Planned release of genetically modified organisms: Scientific and regulatory issues....Pages 393-395
Front Matter....Pages 367-367
Field release of genetically-engineered Rhizobium meliloti and Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains....Pages 397-403
Assessment of genetically engineered microorganisms under the Toxic Substances Control Act: Considerations prior to small-scale release....Pages 405-414
Front Matter....Pages 447-447
Regulation of the C 4 -dicarboxylate transport in free-living and symbiotic Rhizobium meliloti ....Pages 449-450
Transcriptional activation of nitrogen fixation genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae ....Pages 451-457
Mechanism of transcription from nif promoters: involvement of IHF....Pages 459-466
Organization and regulation of nitrogen fixation genes in Rhodobacter capsulatus ....Pages 467-474
The genetics and biochemistry of the reversible ADP-ribosylation systems of Rhodospirillum rubrum and Azospirillum lipoferum ....Pages 475-481
Nitrogen fixation genes of Clostridium pasteurianum ....Pages 483-490
 Azospirillum associations....Pages 491-496
Nitrogen fixation in filamentous cyanobacteria....Pages 497-504
Hydrogen metabolism and the alternative nitrogenase in the cyanbacterium Anabaena variabilis ....Pages 505-506
Front Matter....Pages 611-611
Introduction to nitrogen fixation in agriculture and industry: Contribution of BNF to sustainability of agriculture....Pages 613-615
Improvement of inoculant efficiency by strain improvement and formulation manipulations....Pages 617-624
Agronomic and economic benefits of nitrogen contributed by legumes in live-mulch and alley cropping systems....Pages 625-632
Stem-nodule symbiosis and its unusual properties....Pages 633-640
Workshop summary: What are the applications of our research to ecology and agriculture worldwide?....Pages 641-642
Front Matter....Pages 677-677
Protein synthesis and protein phosphorylation in Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids....Pages 679-685
Some nodulin and Nod proteins show similarity to specific animal proteins....Pages 687-692
Alfalfa root nodule aspartate aminotransferase (AAT): Biochemical importance and genetic control....Pages 693-699
Regulation of host gene expression during nodule development in soybeans....Pages 701-708
Front Matter....Pages 677-677
Nodulins and nodule development....Pages 709-712
Regulation of expression of the GLN-τ gene of Phaseolus vulgaris L....Pages 713-714
The glutamine synthetases of Rhizobium leguminosarum and their regulatory genes....Pages 715-716
Workshop summary: How can we couple the genetics and physiology of nodule function?....Pages 717-721
Front Matter....Pages 777-777
Evolving a Rhizobium for non-legume nodulation....Pages 779-780
Hypotheses for the evolution of actinorhizal symbioses....Pages 781-787
Genetics of alternative nitrogen fixation systems in Azotobacter vinelandii ....Pages 789-795
Nitrogen fixation in Methanosarcina barkeri strain 227....Pages 797-803
The first photosynthetic N 2 -fixing Rhizobium : Characteristics....Pages 805-811
Nodulation of non-legumes by rhizobia....Pages 813-823
Front Matter....Pages 843-843
Congress summary: the molecular perspective....Pages 845-850
Congress summary: the organismal perspective....Pages 851-855
Computer networking and biological nitrogen fixation....Pages 856-856
Back Matter....Pages 857-869