Nitrogen Deposition, Critical Loads and Biodiversity

Front Matter....Pages i-xxix
Nitrogen Deposition, Critical Loads and Biodiversity: Introduction....Pages 1-4
Front Matter....Pages 5-5
Progress in Monitoring and Modelling Estimates of Nitrogen Deposition at Local, Regional and Global Scales....Pages 7-22
Gaseous Nitrogen Emissions from Australian Cattle Feedlots....Pages 23-29
Ammonia Emissions in the US: Assessing the Role of Bi-directional Ammonia Transport Using the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model....Pages 31-38
Regional Scale Modelling of the Concentration and Deposition of Oxidised and Reduced Nitrogen in the UK....Pages 39-47
High Rates of Wet Nitrogen Deposition in China: A Synthesis....Pages 49-56
Enrichment of Atmospheric Ammonia and Ammonium in the North China Plain....Pages 57-65
Nitrogen Deposition within the Littoral-Highlands County of Croatia Between 1996 and 2008....Pages 67-73
Atmospheric Deposition of Reactive Nitrogen in India....Pages 75-82
Dry and Wet Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition in West Central Africa....Pages 83-91
Interannual Variability of the Atmospheric Nitrogen Budget in West African Dry Savannas....Pages 93-105
Assessment and Characterisation of the Organic Component of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition....Pages 107-116
Wet Deposition of Nitrogen at Different Locations in India....Pages 117-123
Front Matter....Pages 125-125
Factors Affecting Nitrogen Deposition Impacts on Biodiversity: An Overview....Pages 127-138
What Happens to Ammonia on Leaf Surfaces?....Pages 139-146
Effects of Nutrient Additions on the Diversity of the Herbaceous-Subshrub Layer of a Brazilian Savanna (Cerrado)....Pages 147-154
Leaf Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Release Under Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Nitrogen Plus Phosphorus Additions in a Savanna in Central Brazil....Pages 155-163
Diversity of the Shrub-tree Layer in a Brazilian Cerrado Under Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Nitrogen Plus Phosphorus Addition....Pages 165-172
Model Predictions of Effects of Different Climate Change Scenarios on Species Diversity with or without Management Intervention, Repeated Thinning, for a Site in Central European Russia....Pages 173-182
Seasonal Changes in Photosynthetic Nitrogen of Tree Species Differing in Leaf Phenology in a South-eastern Brazilian Savanna....Pages 183-190
Front Matter....Pages 125-125
Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition can Provide Supplementary Fertilization to Sugar Cane Crops in Venezuela....Pages 191-197
Competition Alters Responses of Juvenile Woody Plants and Grasses to Nitrogen Addition in Brazilian Savanna (Cerrado)....Pages 199-205
Pigment Ratios of the Mediterranean Bryophyte Pleurochaete squarrosa Respond to Simulated Nitrogen Deposition....Pages 207-216
Calibrating Total Nitrogen Concentration in Lichens with Emissions of Reduced Nitrogen at the Regional Scale....Pages 217-227
The Impact of the Rural Land-Use on the Ecological Integrity of the Intermittent Streams of the Mediterranean 2000 Natura Network....Pages 229-241
Biodiversity of Acid Grasslands in the Atlantic Regions of Europe: The Impact of Nitrogen Deposition....Pages 243-250
Effects of Increased Nitrogen Availability in Mediterranean Ecosystems: A Case Study in a Natura 2000 Site in Portugal....Pages 251-258
Species of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Spores can Indicate Increased Nitrogen Availability in Mediterranean-type Ecosystems....Pages 259-266
Nitrogen Biogeochemistry Research at Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia, USA: Soils, Biodiversity and Climate Change....Pages 267-278
Front Matter....Pages 279-279
Development of the Critical Loads Concept and Current and Potential Applications to Different Regions of the World....Pages 281-293
Nitrogen Deposition as a Threat to the World’s Protected Areas Under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)....Pages 295-303
How Much is too Much? Nitrogen Critical Loads and Eutrophication and Acidification in Oligotrophic Ecosystems....Pages 305-310
Predicting Lichen-based Critical Loads for Nitrogen Deposition in Temperate Forests....Pages 311-318
Using Fire Risk and Species Loss to set Critical Loads for Nitrogen Deposition in Southern California Shrublands....Pages 319-327
Empirical Critical Loads of Nitrogen in China....Pages 329-336
Challenges in Defining Critical Loads for Nitrogen in UK Lakes....Pages 337-344
Proposing a Strict Epidemiological Methodology for Setting Empirical Critical Loads for Nitrogen Deposition....Pages 345-355
A Comparison of Empirical and Modelled Nitrogen Critical Loads for Mediterranean Forests and Shrublands in California....Pages 357-368
Source Attribution of Eutrophying and Acidifying Pollutants on the UK Natura 2000 Network....Pages 369-374
Mapping Critical Loads for Nitrogen Based on Biodiversity Using ForSAFE-VEG: Introducing the Basic Principles....Pages 375-383
Front Matter....Pages 385-385
Impacts of Nitrogen Deposition on Ecosystem Services in Interaction with Other Nutrients, Air Pollutants and Climate Change....Pages 387-396
The Form of Reactive Nitrogen Deposition Affects the Capacity of Peatland Vegetation to Immobilise Nitrogen: Implications for the Provision of Ecosystem Services....Pages 397-409
Quantification of Impacts of Nitrogen Deposition on Forest Ecosystem Services in Europe....Pages 411-424
Implications of Current Knowledge on Nitrogen Deposition and Impacts for Policy, Management and Capacity Building Needs: CLRTAP....Pages 425-434
The Convention on Biological Diversity: How does Nitrogen fit into the Plans?....Pages 435-438
Agriculture and the Nitrogen Problem in India: Environmental Implications....Pages 439-445
Mitigating Increases in Nitrogen Deposition: The Challenge of Extending Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation to Cereals and Other Non-legume Crops....Pages 447-452
Front Matter....Pages 453-453
Progress in Nitrogen Deposition Monitoring and Modelling....Pages 455-463
The Effects of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition on Terrestrial and Freshwater Biodiversity....Pages 465-480
The Critical Loads and Levels Approach for Nitrogen....Pages 481-491
Nitrogen Deposition Effects on Ecosystem Services and Interactions with other Pollutants and Climate Change....Pages 493-505
Workshop on Nitrogen Deposition, Critical Loads and Biodiversity: Scientific Synthesis and Summary for Policy Makers....Pages 507-526
Back Matter....Pages 527-535