New Media Campaigns and the Managed Citizen (Communication, Society and Politics)

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Dedication......Page 6
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
Tables and Figures......Page 11
Acknowledgments......Page 13
Prologue: The Flows of Information in Competitive Politics......Page 18
Introduction: The Hypermedia Campaign......Page 25
The Evolution of Hypermedia Campaigns in the United States......Page 29
Political Computing......Page 30
1988......Page 31
1992......Page 32
1994......Page 33
1996......Page 34
1998......Page 35
2000......Page 37
2002......Page 38
2004......Page 40
Information Technology in Campaigns and Elections......Page 42
Outline of the Book......Page 53
ONE Political Communication and Information Technology......Page 57
Politics in Code......Page 58
Digital Democracy in Theory and Practice......Page 60
A Network Ethnography of Hypermedia Campaigns......Page 64
Political Consultants as a Cultural Industry......Page 67
Shared Goals and Projects......Page 68
Us/Them, In/Out......Page 72
“Getting It” and “This Space”......Page 74
Shared Ideology......Page 75
The Structural Code of Political Communication......Page 78
Political Objects......Page 79
Political Processes......Page 81
Political Events......Page 82
Political Memory......Page 83
Analytical Frames for Studying Politics and Information Technology......Page 84
Positive Political Effects......Page 86
Negative Political Effects......Page 88
Neutral Political Effects......Page 89
Cultural Approaches to Political Communication Systems......Page 90
Information Technologies as Cultural Schema......Page 93
TWO Producing the Hypermedia Campaign......Page 97
The Digital Leviathan......Page 99
The Opportunists at DataBank.com......Page 100
The Altruists at Astroturf-Lobby.org......Page 107
Hypermedia and Production of Public Opinion......Page 115
The Science of Private Opinion Measurement......Page 117
Of Grassroots and Astroturf......Page 122
THREE Learning Politics from the Hypermedia Campaign......Page 125
The Opportunists at Voting.com......Page 128
The Altruists at GrassrootsActivist.org......Page 142
Political Communication and the Open Information Market......Page 149
The Market for Political Information......Page 151
Democratic Representation through the Market?......Page 152
Political Redlining and Issue Publics......Page 155
Political Networks, Individually Constructed......Page 159
Political Contexts, Structurally Imposed......Page 161
FOUR Organizational Communication in the Hypermedia Campaign......Page 167
The Development of Campaign Organization......Page 169
Ideologue Elites, Capo Managers, and Coding Generals......Page 172
Information Processes and Organizational Behavior in Political Campaigns......Page 176
A Theory of Epistemic Heterarchy......Page 186
Power and Social Control in the Hypermedia Campaign......Page 192
FIVE Managed Citizenship and Information Technology......Page 194
The Wizards of Odds......Page 195
DataBank.com and Voting.com......Page 196
GrassrootsActivist.org and Astroturf-Lobby.org......Page 199
Deviance and Decisions......Page 200
The Organization of Normative Deviance......Page 203
Citizenship in the Digital Democracy......Page 206
Thin, Shadow, and Privatized Citizenship......Page 208
Political Schemata Rationalized in Code......Page 215
Randomness and Disengagement in the Public Sphere......Page 220
Policy and Process for the Healthy Digital Democracy......Page 222
Appendix: Method Notes on Studying Information Technology and Political Communication......Page 229
Methodological Challenges in Studying Hypermedia Organizations......Page 232
Unbundled Social Cues and Territoriality......Page 234
Problems and Prospects of Ethnography......Page 237
Problems and Prospects of Social Network Analysis......Page 239
Network Ethnography......Page 241
Network Ethnography Applied......Page 243
An Example: Confirming Field Observations......Page 247
Conclusion......Page 250
Glossary......Page 263
References......Page 269
Index......Page 285