New Generation Vaccines

Foreword......Page 4
Preface to the Third Edition......Page 6
Preface to the Second Edition......Page 8
Contents......Page 10
Vaccines and Vaccination in Historical Perspective......Page 16
An Overview of Biotechnology in Vaccine Development......Page 26
Initial Clinical Evaluation of New Vaccine Candidates: Investigators’ Perspective of Phase I and Phase II Clinical Trials of Safety, Immunogenicity, and Preliminary Efficacy......Page 34
Long-Term Evaluation of Vaccine Protection: Methodological Issues for Phase III and Phase IV Studies......Page 44
Ethical Considerations in the Conduct of Vaccine Trials in Developing Countries......Page 64
Vaccine Economics: From Candidates to Commercialized Products in the Developing World......Page 72
Development and Supply of Vaccines: An Industry Perspective......Page 90
Reaching Every Child—Achieving Equity in Global Immunization......Page 104
A Paradigm for International Cooperation: The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) and the Vaccine Fund......Page 116
Economic Analyses of Vaccines and Vaccination Programs......Page 122
The Role of the Food and Drug Administration in Vaccine Testing and Licensure......Page 132
Developing Safe Vaccines......Page 142
Polio Eradication: Capturing the Full Potential of a Vaccine......Page 160
Recent Advances in Immunology that Impact Vaccine Development......Page 174
High-Throughput Informatics and In Vitro Assays for T-Cell Epitope Determination: Application to the Design of Epitope-Driven Vaccines......Page 194
The Challenge of Inducing Protection in Very Young Infants......Page 212
Vaccination and Autoimmunity......Page 218
Adjuvants for the Future......Page 228
MF59 Adjuvant Emulsion......Page 240
Immune-Enhancing Sequences (CpG Motifs), Cytokines, and Other Immunomodulatory Moieties......Page 252
Use of Genetically Detoxified Mutants of Cholera and Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxins as Mucosal Adjuvants......Page 266
Recent Developments in Vaccine Delivery Systems......Page 274
Proteosome Technology for Vaccines and Adjuvants......Page 286
Viruslike Particle (VLP) Vaccines......Page 298
Immunostimulating Reconstituted Influenza Virosomes......Page 310
Plants as a Production and Delivery Vehicle for Orally Delivered Subunit Vaccines......Page 320
Vaccinia Virus and Other Poxviruses as Live Vectors......Page 328
Live Adenovirus Recombinants as Vaccine Vectors......Page 340
RNA Virus Replicon Vaccines......Page 352
Attenuated Salmonella and Shigella as Live Vectors Carrying Either Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic Expression Systems......Page 368
DNA Vaccines......Page 382
DNA-Modified Virus Ankara and Other Heterologous Prime-Boost Immunization Strategies for Effector T Cell Induction......Page 396
Mucosal Immunization and Needle-Free Injection Devices......Page 408
Transcutaneous Immunization......Page 416
Combination Vaccines for Routine Infant Immunization......Page 428
Meningococcal Conjugate and Protein-Based Vaccines......Page 436
The Postlicensure Impact of Haemophilus influenzae Type b and Serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis Conjugate Vaccines......Page 442
Pneumococcal Protein–Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccines......Page 458
Pneumococcal Common Proteins and Other Vaccine Strategies......Page 474
Polysaccharide-Based Conjugate Vaccines for Enteric Bacterial Infections: Typhoid Fever, Nontyphoidal Salmonellosis, Shigellosis, Cholera, and Escherichia coli O157......Page 486
Attenuated Strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi as Live Oral Vaccines Against Typhoid Fever......Page 494
Vaccines Against Lyme Disease......Page 502
Oral B Subunit–Killed Whole-Cell Cholera Vaccine......Page 514
Attenuated Vibrio cholerae Strains as Live Oral Cholera Vaccines and Vectors......Page 526
Novel Vaccines Against Tuberculosis......Page 534
New Approaches to Influenza Vaccine......Page 552
Chimeric Vaccines Against Japanese Encephalitis, Dengue, and West Nile......Page 574
Challenges and Current Strategies in the Development of HIV/AIDS Vaccines......Page 588
Vaccine Strategies to Prevent Dengue Fever......Page 598
Vaccination Against the Hepatitis C Viruses......Page 608
Live Vaccine Strategies to Prevent Rotavirus Disease......Page 622
Vaccines Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Parainfluenza Virus Types 1–3......Page 636
Developing a Vaccine Against Epstein–Barr Virus......Page 656
Cytomegalovirus Vaccines......Page 664
Herpes Simplex Vaccines......Page 676
Vaccines for Hantaviruses, Lassa Virus, and Filoviruses......Page 694
Development of a Vaccine to Prevent Infection with Group A Streptococci and Rheumatic Fever......Page 710
Vaccines Against Group B Streptococcus......Page 726
Overview of Live Vaccine Strategies Against Shigella......Page 738
Oral Inactivated Whole Cell B Subunit Combination Vaccine Against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli......Page 752
Multivalent Shigella/Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Vaccine......Page 766
Vaccines Against Gonococcal Infection......Page 770
Vaccines Against Campylobacter jejuni......Page 790
Vaccines Against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli......Page 802
Vaccine Strategies Against Helicobacter pylori......Page 810
Vaccines for Staphylococcus aureus Infections......Page 822
Moraxella catarrhalis and Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae Vaccines to Prevent Otitis Media......Page 832
Vaccines for Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae......Page 850
Overview of Vaccine Strategies for Malaria......Page 862
Adjuvanted RTS,S and Other Protein-Based Pre-Erythrocytic Stage Malaria Vaccines......Page 866
Malaria: A Complex Disease that May Require a Complex Vaccine......Page 876
Plasmodium falciparum Asexual Blood Stage Vaccine Candidates: Current Status......Page 890
Malaria Transmission-Blocking Vaccines......Page 902
Vaccines Against Leishmania......Page 918
Vaccines Against Schistosomiasis......Page 930
Vaccines Against Entamoeba histolytica......Page 942
Vaccines Against Human Hookworm Disease......Page 952
Principles of Therapeutic Vaccination for Viral and Nonviral Malignancies......Page 968
Vaccines Against Human Papillomavirus Infection......Page 992
Active Immunization with Dendritic Cells Bearing Melanoma Antigens......Page 1002
Vaccines Against Alzheimer’s Disease......Page 1012
Vaccines Against Atherosclerosis......Page 1018
Vaccine Therapy......Page 1026
Vaccination-Based Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis......Page 1040
Vaccine Therapy for Autoimmune Diabetes......Page 1056
Vaccines for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases......Page 1062
Vaccines to Treat Drug Addiction......Page 1072
Vaccines Against Agents of Bioterrorism......Page 1082
A Primer on Large-Scale Manufacture of Modern Vaccines......Page 1096
Heterogeneity of Pediatric Immunization Schedules in Industrialized Countries......Page 1108
Index......Page 1112