New Frontiers for Design of Interior Lighting Products

Foreword
Preface
	Intended Readership
	Book Content
Acknowledgements
Contents
1 Classification of Lighting Fixtures and Main Related Standards
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Classification by Photometric Distribution
	1.3 CIE System
	1.4 Classification by Type of Cut-off
	1.5 Classification by Application
	1.6 Classification by Installation Method
	1.7 Classification According to Standards Requirements
		1.7.1 Classification by Electrical Insulation
		1.7.2 Ingress Protection Classification
		1.7.3 LED Product Performance Standard
		1.7.4 Blue Light Hazard and Photobiological Safety
	1.8 The Standardisation Bodies
		1.8.1 IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission
		1.8.2 CENELEC: Comité Européen de Normalization en Électronique et en Électrotechnique
	1.9 CE Marking: Directives for Lighting Fixtures in the European Community
		1.9.1 The Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (Directive 2011/65/EU)
		1.9.2 Ecodesign Requirements for Energy-Related Products (Directive 2009/125/EC)
		1.9.3 Electrical Equipment Designed for Use Within Certain Voltage Limits (Directive 2006/95/EC and Directive 2014/35/EU)
		1.9.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (Directive 2004/108/EC and Directive 2014/30/EU)
		1.9.5 Energy Labelling (Directive 2010/30/EU)
	References
2 Light Sources
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Basic Notions
	2.3 LED
		2.3.1 Principle of Operation
		2.3.2 Semiconductors
		2.3.3 The P–N Junction
		2.3.4 The Substrate
		2.3.5 White Light with LEDs
		2.3.6 The Binning
		2.3.7 Classification of LEDs for Lighting
	2.4 Future Scenarios
		2.4.1 Quantum Dot Technology
		2.4.2 Miniaturization
		2.4.3 OLED
	References
3 Power Supply
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Parameters to Consider to Power the LEDs
		3.2.1 Voltage (V) and Current (I)
		3.2.2 Reverse Biasing
		3.2.3 Junction Temperature
		3.2.4 Footprint and Layout
	3.3 LED Driving
		3.3.1 Discrete Components
		3.3.2 Linear Regulators
		3.3.3 Switching Mode Drivers
	References
4 Thermal Dissipation
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Basic Notions
		4.2.1 LED Life
		4.2.2 Heat Transfer
	4.3 LED Dissipation
		4.3.1 Calculation Example
	4.4 Components to Consider in the Cooling Process
		4.4.1 Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
		4.4.2 Thermal Interface Material (TIM)
		4.4.3 Housing
		4.4.4 Heatsinks
	4.5 Computational Fluid Dynamics Software
	References
5 An Overview on Controls
	5.1 Introduction: Products for Well-Being
	5.2 Classic Communication Systems for Light Control
	5.3 Sensors for Control
	5.4 IPS and IoT in the Interior Design
	5.5 IPS Open Source
	5.6 Smart Lighting Controls
	5.7 Research on Light Control Strategies
	5.8 Commercial Control Systems
	5.9 DIY and Smart Lighting
	References
6 Optical Systems
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Light, in Short
	6.3 Optical Systems
	6.4 Reflection
		6.4.1 Specular Reflectors
	6.5 Refraction
	6.6 Losses
	6.7 Spherical Lenses
	6.8 Total Internal Reflection
	6.9 TIR Lenses
		6.9.1 TIR Lenses: Parameters that Affect the Beams
		6.9.2 TIR Lenses: Other Issues
	6.10 Hybrid Optical Systems
	6.11 Freeform Optics
	6.12 Screens and Filters
		6.12.1 Diffusion Screens
		6.12.2 Refractive Screens
		6.12.3 Diffractive Screens
		6.12.4 Filters
	6.13 Software
	References