New Dimensions of Confucian and Neo-Confucian Philosophy

New Dimensions of Confucian and Neo-Confucian Philosophy......Page 2
CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 8
FOREWORD......Page 10
Unity of Human Experience and Human Thinking......Page 13
Contrasting Modes of Origination and Orientation......Page 16
Natural Naturalization and Human Immanentization......Page 21
Two Senses of Confucian Philosophy as the Mainstream......Page 34
Understanding Methodology and the Methodology of Understanding......Page 39
Topics in Confucian and Neo-Confucian Philosophy......Page 51
Notes......Page 71
PART I CHINESE PHILOSOPHICAL ORIENTATIONS......Page 74
Fallacies in Early Studies in Chinese Philosophy......Page 75
Archetypal Ideas in the Pre-Confucian Period......Page 78
The Tradition of Confucianism......Page 79
The Tradition of Taoism......Page 81
The Tradition of Chinese Buddhism......Page 85
Four Characteristics of Chinese Philosophy......Page 89
Chinese Philosophy as Intrinsic Humanism......Page 90
Chinese Philosophy as Concrete Rationalism......Page 91
Chinese Philosophy as Organic Naturalism......Page 93
Chinese Philosophy as the Pragmatism of Self-Cultivation......Page 94
Conclusion......Page 96
Two Levels of Understanding......Page 98
Standard Model of Causality in Western Philosophy......Page 100
Ontological Presuppositions of Laws of Causation......Page 102
Model of Causality: A Chinese Approach......Page 103
The Confucianist World View......Page 104
The Taoist World View......Page 106
Chinese Model of Causality: Three Characterizing Principles......Page 108
Chinese Model of Causality: Correlative Thinking......Page 110
Chinese Model of Causality: Dialectical Laws......Page 113
Notes......Page 116
Two Senses of Skepticism and Their Exemplifications......Page 118
Dialectical Roles of Positive Skepticism in Chinese Philosophy......Page 121
Background Explanation of the Presence and Absence of Negative Skepticism......Page 129
Notes......Page 138
Methodological Considerations......Page 139
Problematic and Scope of Inquiry......Page 141
A Theory of Conscience—Conscience as Liang-Chih in Mencius (371-289 B.C.)......Page 142
Dynamics of Conscience (Liang-Chih) in Action......Page 145
Two Types of Theories of Mind: Conscience in Relation to Principles......Page 153
Theory of Mind As The Ontological Ground of The Theories of Liang-Chih and Chih-Liang-Chih......Page 158
Understanding the Individual in the Theory of Mind......Page 163
The Sociological Basis of the Confucian Conscience, Mind and Individual......Page 168
Concluding Remarks......Page 170
Notes......Page 172
Whitehead's Doctrine of Symbolic Reference......Page 175
I Ching As a System of Symbolic Reference......Page 179
Tao Te Ching as a System of Symbolic Reference......Page 184
Concluding Remarks......Page 192
Notes......Page 193
Preliminary Remarks: Ambivalence of Themes and the Present Task......Page 195
Metaphysics of Harmony and Conflict in Confucianism......Page 196
Metaphysics of Harmony and Conflict in Taoism......Page 201
The Dialectics of Harmonization......Page 204
Contrast with the Dialectics of Conflict......Page 205
Contrast with the Dialectic of Transcendence......Page 207
Dialectics of Harmonization in Chinese Ethical Social and Political Philosophies......Page 210
Polarity of the Outer and the Inner in the Dialectics of Harmonization......Page 212
Problem of Harmonization over Conflicts Between Fa and Li, Yi and Li......Page 215
Polarity of Chih and Hsing and Their Harmonization......Page 217
Polarities of Li-Ch'i, Li-Yu and T'i-Yung and Their Harmonization Problems......Page 219
Concluding Remarks: Toward Development of Paradigms of Harmonization......Page 221
Notes......Page 224
PART II CONFUCIAN DIMENSIONS......Page 229
II......Page 230
III......Page 232
IV......Page 235
V......Page 236
Notes......Page 240
Meaning and Function of Yi in Confucian Doctrine......Page 242
Development of Yi in Mencius......Page 246
Notes......Page 253
A Methodological Distinction......Page 255
Four Basic Characterizations of the Classical Confucian Notion of Mind......Page 256
Unity with Reality as the First Characterization of the Mind......Page 257
Intrinsic Activity Toward the Realization of Harmony (Ho) as the Second Characterization of the Mind.........Page 258
Inward Recognition of the Will to Good for the Fulfillment of Good as the Third Characterization of .........Page 260
Possibility of Amissness and the Self-Correcting Capacity of Cultivation as the Fourth and Final Cha.........Page 264
Recapitulation of the Above......Page 265
Two Basic Related Questions......Page 266
Notes......Page 268
Introduction......Page 270
Theory and Practice in Confucius......Page 271
Theory and Practice in the Great Learning, the Doctrine of the Mean, and the Mencius......Page 275
Wang Yang-ming and the Unity of Theory and Action......Page 282
Concluding Remarks......Page 285
Notes......Page 288
Three Stages of The Development of Confucian Morality......Page 289
Three Stages of Development as Three Dimensions of a Theory......Page 290
Confucian Morality as a Manifestation of Religious Consciousness......Page 293
Comparison with the Kantian Morality......Page 297
Comparison with the Humean Morality......Page 299
Retort to Sartre's Criticism......Page 300
Notes......Page 302
I......Page 303
II......Page 304
III......Page 306
IV......Page 312
V......Page 314
VI......Page 318
Notes......Page 319
Issues and Problems......Page 320
Objections to the Marxist Historical Reduction of Philosophy......Page 321
The Ambiguity of the Terms "Law" (fa) and "Legalism" (fa-chia)......Page 323
The Rise and Basic Program of Legalism......Page 325
The Political Philosophy of Confucius and Mencius and Its Grounding......Page 329
Is Hsun Tzu a Confucianist?......Page 334
The True Nature of the Antagonism Between Legalism and Confucianism......Page 339
Conclusion: Can Confucianistic Humanism Combine Science and the Rule of Law in the Modern World?......Page 342
Notes......Page 346
From Confucian T'ien/Hsing to Heideggerian Sein/Dasein......Page 348
The Difference between Heidegger and Confucius: The Existentiality of Hsing-Ming......Page 351
A Confucian Interpretation of Dasein......Page 355
Care or Yu-huan and Temporality or Time......Page 359
Unity of the Future and Unity of Time......Page 361
The Possibility of Primordial Time or Temporality: From Heidegger to the I Ching......Page 364
Time as Timing and as Timeliness......Page 367
The Theme of Transformation in the I Ching......Page 371
The Theme of Creativity in the I Ching......Page 374
Concluding Remarks......Page 375
Notes......Page 377
PART III NEO-CONFUCIAN DIMENSIONS......Page 381
Introductory Remarks......Page 382
Telos of Learning and Understanding......Page 383
Knowledge and Truth in Fulfillment of Nature......Page 384
Two Dimensions of Knowing......Page 387
Chü-ching as a Constitutive Requirement of Learning......Page 389
Methodological Structure in Chu Hsi......Page 395
Contemporary Analytic Relevancies......Page 397
Notes......Page 401
General Remarks on Wang Yang-ming's Philosophy of Mind......Page 403
Nonsubstantial Substance (Original Reality) of Mind......Page 404
Original Reality of the Mind as Manifested in liang-chih......Page 407
On yi as Activation of the Mind and as a Form of Creativity......Page 409
Unity and Creativity of the Mind in Its Activation: Chih-Hsing-Ho-Yi......Page 410
More Philosophical Points about chih-hsing-ho-yi......Page 413
Unity and Creativity of the Mind in Consummation: chih-liang-chih......Page 417
Chih-liang-chih and Unity and Creativity of the Mind in Chung-ho......Page 421
Notes......Page 425
Ambivalence of Practicality in Confucianism......Page 431
What is Shih-Hsüeh (Practical Learning)?......Page 432
Can One Deduce Shih-Hsüeh from Li-Hsüeh?......Page 438
How Practical-Minded Was Chu Hsi in His Political Life?......Page 444
Is Wang Yang-ming's Hsin-Hsüeh Incompatible with Shih-Hsüeh?......Page 447
Practicality in the Political Career of Wang Yang-ming......Page 451
Concluding Remarks......Page 453
Notes......Page 455
The Notion of Religion and the Four Main Types of Religious Thought......Page 458
Application to Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism......Page 461
The Consciousness of Religious Reality in Confucianism......Page 462
The Consciousness of Religious Reality in Neo-Confucianism......Page 467
Religious Understanding in Confucianism......Page 469
Religious Understanding in Neo-Confucianism......Page 474
Conclusion I: The Dynamic Unity of Religious Reality and Religious Understanding in Confucianism and.........Page 478
Conclusion II: A New Notion of the Numinous......Page 481
Notes......Page 484
Classical Background of Sung-Ming Neo-Confucianism......Page 488
The Four-Sentence Teaching as the Total Theory of chih-liang-chih (Fulfilling the Ability to Know Go.........Page 491
Nature of the pen-t'i of Mind: Does It Partake of Good and Evil?......Page 493
Is the pen-t'i of Mind a Buddhistic Notion?......Page 496
Yi-Activity and Meaning of Good and Evil......Page 498
The Metaphysical Source of yi-nien: An Ontological Observation......Page 500
Difficulties in Relating the Second and Third Sentences: Two Objections from Liu Tsung-chou......Page 501
Doctrine of ke-wu and Definition of hsing (Action)......Page 505
Concluding Remarks: Four Requirements of chih-liang-chih......Page 507
Notes......Page 509
Introductory Remarks......Page 511
The ch'i and li-ch'i Relationship in Wang Fu-chih (1619-1692)......Page 514
The li-yü Relationship, as Based on the li-ch'i Relationship in Wang Fu-Chih......Page 524
The li-ch'i and li-yü Relationships in Yen Yuan (1635-1704) and Li Kung (1659-1753)......Page 528
The li-ch'i and li-yü Relationships in Huang Tsung-Hsi (1610-1695), Ch'en Ch'ueh (1604-1677), Li Erh.........Page 533
Conclusion......Page 538
Notes......Page 540
I......Page 544
II......Page 546
III......Page 551
IV......Page 556
V......Page 561
Notes......Page 564
(Introduction)......Page 566
(Chapter 1)......Page 569
(Chapter 2)......Page 570
(Chapter 3)......Page 571
(Chapter 4)......Page 572
(Chapter 5)......Page 574
(Chapter 6)......Page 575
(Chapter 7)......Page 578
(Chapter 8)......Page 579
(Chapter 9)......Page 580
(Chapter 10)......Page 582
(Chapter 11)......Page 583
(Chapter 12)......Page 584
(Chapter 13)......Page 585
(Chapter 14)......Page 587
(Chapter 15)......Page 589
(Chapter 16)......Page 591
(Chapter 17)......Page 593
(Chapter 18)......Page 596
(Chapter 19)......Page 598
(Chapter 20)......Page 601
(Chapter 21)......Page 604
B......Page 605
C......Page 606
D......Page 611
F......Page 612
H......Page 613
I......Page 614
K......Page 615
M......Page 616
N......Page 618
R......Page 619
T......Page 620
W......Page 621
Y......Page 624