New Developments in Nanosensors for Pharmaceutical Analysis

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NEW
DEVELOPMENTS IN
NANOSENSORS FOR
PHARMACEUTICAL
ANALYSIS
Copyright
Contributors
About the Authors
Preface
1
Introduction to Nanosensors
	Introduction
	Nanoparticles in Nanosensors and Their Broad Applications
		Metal-Based Nanoparticles and Their Broad Applications
			Metal-Based NPs as Gas Sensors
			Metal-Based NPs as OLEDs
			Magnetic Metal-Based NPs
			Metal-Based NPs as Sunscreens
			Metal-Based NPs in Virology and Bacteriology
			Metal-Based NPs as Supercapacitors
		Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
			Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as Gas Sensors
			Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as Electrochemical Sensors and in Fluorescence Quenching
			Carbon Nanomaterials as High-Performance Energy Storage Devices
	Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Nanosensors
		MIP-Functionalized SPE
		MIPs Functionalized as Magnetic MIPs
		MIPs Modified With Carbon Nanomaterials
		MIPs as Sensors
	Dendrimers
		Dendrimer-Nanostructured Hybrid System
		Dendrimers Conjugated to Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
	Conclusions
	References
	Further Reading
2
Immobilization Techniques of Nanomaterials
	Introduction
	Nanomaterials Used in Biosensors for Pharmaceutical Detection
		Carbon Nanomaterials
			Carbon Nanotubes
			Graphene
			Fullerene
			Quantum Dots
		Metal Nanoparticles
		Magnetic Nanoparticles
		Modification Strategies for Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors
			Drop Casting
			Electrochemical Deposition
			Electrochemical Polymerization
			Molecularly Imprinted Polymer
			Self-Assembly and Adsorption of Nanomaterials
			Addition Nanomaterials in Carbon Paste Electrodes
	Conclusion
	References
3
The Effect of Nanomaterials on the Drug Analysis Performance of Nanosensors
	Introduction
		Nanomaterials Used for Sensor Development
		Morphological and Structural Characterization Techniques for Nanomaterials
	Techniques Used for the Characterization of the Sensor Effect of Electrodes Fabricated From Nanomaterials
	Role of the Structure of Nanomaterials in Enhancing the Sensitivity and Selectivity of Sensors
	The Shape Effect of Nanostructures on Drug Analyzer Nanosensors
	Morphological Effect of Specific Nanomaterials-Based Sensors
	Types of Nanostructures
		Carbon Nanostructure-Based Sensors
		Polymeric Nanostructures as Nanosensors
		Transition Metal Nanostructures for Nanosensors
		Sensors Fabricated From Nanocomposites, Nanohybrids, and Nanobimetallic Alloys
	The Effect of Crystal Phases and Structural Units on Nanosensors
	Selective and Simultaneous Detection of Drugs by a Specific Nanosensor in Analyte Samples
	Conclusion and Future Perspectives
	References
	Further Reading
4
Optical Nanosensors for Pharmaceutical Detection
	Introduction
	Chemical and Bio-Based Optical Nanosensors
		Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
		Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Optical Nanosensors
		Fluorescence-Based Optical Biosensors
			Chemical Modification of Nanosensors
	Conclusion
	References
5
Chemical Nanosensors in Pharmaceutical Analysis
	Introduction to Chemical Nanosensors
	Transducer Types in Chemical Nanosensors
	Nanomaterials in Chemical Nanosensors
		Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Chemical Nanosensors
		Metal-Based Nanomaterials in Chemical Nanosensors
		Polymer-Based Chemical Nanosensors
	Conclusion
	References
	Further Reading
6
Noble Metal Nanoparticles in Electrochemical Analysis of Drugs
	Introduction
	Noble Metals
		Ruthenium
		Rhodium
		Palladium
		Iridium
		Platinum
		Gold
		Silver
	Electrochemical Techniques
	The Functions of Noble Metal Nanoparticles
	Applications of Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Drug Analysis
	Conclusion
	References
	Further Reading
7
Photoelectrochemical Nanosensors
	Introduction
	The Effect of the Morphology of Nanomaterials on the Detection Ability of Photoelectrochemical Sensors
	Quantum Dots in Photoelectrochemical Sensors
	Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Photoelectrochemical Sensors
	Photoelectrochemical Nanobiosensors: Fabrication Techniques and the Measurements
	Recent Developments in Photoelectrochemical Nanosensors for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals, Chemicals, Cancer Bio ...
	Conclusion
	References
	Further Reading
8
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Nanosensors for Pharmaceutical Analysis
	Introduction
	Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
	Nanomaterials in molecularly imprinted polymers
		Carbon Nanomaterials
		Metal-based nanoparticles
	Sensor Configurations
	Conclusion
	References
	Further Reading
9
Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery Systems
	Introduction
	Drug Delivery Systems
	Why Nanomaterials?
	Types of Nanomaterials
		Dendrimers
		Liposomes
		Solid Lipid Nanocarriers
		Micelles
		Polymeric Nanoparticles
		Inorganic Nanoparticles
		Metal Nanoparticles
		Ceramic Nanoparticles
		Silica Nanoparticles
		Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
			Fullerenes
			Graphene
			Carbon Nanotubes
			Diamonds
	Conclusion
	References
10
Nanomaterials-Enriched Nucleic Acid-Based Biosensors
	Introduction
	Electrochemical Biosensors
		Voltammetric Nucleic Acid Biosensors
		Impedimetric-Based Nucleic Acid Biosensors
		Amperometric-Based Nucleic Acid Biosensors
	QCM Biosensors
	Optical Nucleic Acid Biosensors
		Colorimetric Nucleic Acid Biosensors
		Fluorescence-Based Nucleic Acid Biosensors
		Chemiluminescence-Based Nucleic Acid Biosensors
		Electrochemiluminescence-Based Nucleic Acid Biosensors
		Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)-Based Nucleic Acid Biosensors
		SPR-Based Nucleic Acid Biosensors
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
11
Nanosensors in Biomarker Detection
	Introduction
	Biomarkers
	Nanomaterials for Sensor Design
		Carbon Nanotubes
		Graphene
		Metal Nanoparticles
	Methods for Biomarker Detection and Determination
		Electrochemical Methods
		Optical Methods
	Conclusion and Future Prospects
	References
12
Nanomaterials-Based Enzyme Biosensors for Electrochemical Applications: Recent Trends and Future Prospects
	Introduction
	Electrochemical Enzyme Biosensors
	Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Enzyme Biosensors
		Carbon Nanotubes-Based Electrochemical Enzyme Biosensors
		Graphene-Based Electrochemical Enzyme Biosensors
		Nanoparticles-Based Electrochemical Enzyme Biosensors
		Nanostructured Polymers-Based Electrochemical Enzyme Biosensors
		Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Combinations of Different Nanomaterials
	Conclusions and Prospects
	Acknowledgments
	References
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	V
	W
	X
	Z
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