Neutrinos in high energy and astroparticle physics

Content: Foreword XIX    Preface XXI    1 Historical Introduction 1    2 The Standard Model 9    2.1 Introduction 9    2.2 Standard Electroweak Model 9    2.3 Spontaneous Symmetry-Breaking: Mass Generation 13    2.4 Quantization in the Standard Model 17    2.5 Renormalization in the Standard Model 19    2.6 Anomalies 21    2.7 Quantum Chromodynamics 24    2.8 Higgs Boson and Unitarity in the Standard Model 25    2.9 Theory Considerations on the Higgs Boson Mass 27    2.10 Experimental Tests of the Standard Model 30    2.11 Open Issues in the Standard Model 32    2.12 Summary 38    2.13 Problems for Chapter 2 39    3 Neutrino Masses and Mixing 41    3.1 Two-Component Formalism 41    3.2 Quantization of Majorana and Dirac Fermions 43    3.3 The Lepton Mixing Matrix 45    3.4 The Neutrino Neutral Current in Seesaw-Type Schemes 50    3.5 CP Properties of Majorana Fermions 50    3.6 Summary 54    3.7 Problems for Chapter 3 54    4 Neutrino Oscillations 57    4.1 Preliminaries 57    4.2 Neutrino Oscillations Formalism In Vacuo 57    4.3 Matter Effects in Neutrino Oscillations 62    4.4 Neutrino Oscillation Data 65    4.5 Global Neutrino Oscillation Analysis 76    4.6 Global Fit Results for Neutrino Oscillation Parameters 77    4.7 Summary and Outlook 80    4.8 Problems for Chapter 4 83    5 Robustness of Oscillations: The Case of Solar Neutrinos 87    5.1 Theoretical Preliminaries: Beyond the Standard Model 88    5.2 Beyond the Standard Solar Model 91    5.3 Oscillations with Spin-Flavour Precession 94    5.4 Constraining Neutrino Magnetic Moments 97    5.5 Summary 100    5.6 Problems for Chapter 5 100    6 Absolute Neutrino Masses 103    6.1 Preliminaries 103    6.2 Beta-Decay and Direct Searches for Neutrino Mass 103    6.3 Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay 110    6.4 Light-Neutrino Exchange 0       Mechanism 112    6.5 Experimental Prospects in the Search for 0       115    6.6 Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay in Flavour Models 115    6.7 Short-Range Contributions to 0       Decay and the Weak Interaction Scale 117    6.8 Black Box and the Significance of 0       120    6.9 Summary 121    6.10 Problems for Chapter 6 121    7 Neutrino Masses in SU(3)c   SU(2)L   U(1)   Theories 123    7.1 Preliminaries: The Origin of Neutrino Mass 123    7.2 Effective Seesaw Mechanism: Explicit Lepton Number Violation 125    7.3 Seesaw Dynamics in SU(3)c   SU(2)L   U(1)Y and the Majoron 127    7.4 Summary 134    7.5 Problems for Chapter 7 134    8 Higgs Boson Physics and Neutrinos 135    8.1 Higgs Production in the Standard Model 135    8.2 Higgs Decays in the Standard Model 142    8.3 Higgs Physics in Models with Low-Scale Lepton Number Violation 147    8.4 Summary 150    8.5 Problems for Chapter 8 151    9 Supersymmetry 153    9.1 Introduction and Motivation 153    9.2 Supersymmetry Algebra and Representations 155    9.3 How to Build a Supersymmetric Model 158    9.4 The Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model 162    9.5 Mass Matrices in the MSSM 168    9.6 Couplings in the MSSM 176    9.7 Coupling Constant Unification 179    9.8 Experimental Constraints on the MSSM 180    9.9 Summary 180    9.10 Problems for Chapter 9 182    10 Spontaneous R-Parity Violation 183    10.1 Introduction 183    10.2 A Viable Spontaneous R-Parity-Breaking Model 184    10.3 Symmetry-Breaking 186    10.4 Main Features of the Model 189    10.5 Implications for the Electroweak Breaking Sector 192    10.6 Summary 197    10.7 Problems for Chapter 10 198    11 Bilinear R-Parity Violation 199    11.1 The Model 199    11.2 The Scalar Potential 200    11.3 Mass Matrices in the BRpVModel 201    11.4 Couplings in the BRpV Model 203    11.5 Neutrino Masses and Mixings in the BRpV Model 205    11.6 Neutrino Properties and BRpV Parameters 208    11.7 Approximate Formulae for the Neutrino Masses and Mixings 211    11.8 Summary 219    11.9 Problems for Chapter 11 219    12 Phenomenology of Bilinear R-Parity Violation 221    12.1 LSP Production 221    12.2 LSP Decays 223    12.3 Probing Neutrino Mixing via Neutralino Decays 226    12.4 Other LSP Scenarios 230    12.5 Summary 234    12.6 Problems for Chapter 12 234    13 Neutrino Masses and Left   Right Symmetry 237    13.1 Preliminaries: SU(3)c   SU(2)L   SU(2)R   U(1) Symmetry 237    13.2 'Standard' SU(3)c   SU(2)L   SU(2)R   U(1) Symmetric Seesaw 239    13.3 Low-Scale SU(3)c   SU(2)L   SU(2)R   U(1) Seesaw Mechanisms 241    13.4 Experimental Constraints 242    13.5 Direct Searches for the Messengers of Neutrino Mass 243    13.6 Summary 246    13.7 Problems for Chapter 13 247    14 Neutrino Masses and Unification 249    14.1 Preliminaries: Unification in SU(5) 249    14.2 Neutrinos in SU(5) 252    14.3 Neutrinos in SO(10) 254    14.4 Low-Scales in SO(10)Models: Intermediate Gauge Symmetries 256    14.5 Neutrino Seesaw in Low-Scale SO(10) model 259    14.6 Non Supersymmetric Low-Scale Models 263    14.7 Summary 263    14.8 Problems for Chapter 14 264    15 Lepton Flavour Violation 265    15.1 Charged Lepton Flavour Violation 265    15.2 Models for Charged Lepton Flavour Violation 269    15.3 Summary and Prospects 281    15.4 Problems for Chapter 15 281    16 The Flavour Problem and the Quest for Family Symmetry 283    16.1 Preliminaries 283    16.2 Reference Neutrino Mixing Patterns 285    16.3 Prototype Flavour Model with Tetrahedral Symmetry 289    16.4 Revamped A4 Flavour Model: Generating   13 293    16.5 Fermion Masses in a Realistic A4-Based Standard Model 296    16.6 Quarks, Non-Abelian Discrete Flavour Symmetries and Unification 302    16.7 Summary and Prospects 303    16.8 Problems for Chapter 16 304    17 Cosmological Implications of Neutrino Masses 307    17.1 The very Beginning: Inflation and Primordial Density Perturbations 307    17.2 The Cosmic Microwave Background 309    17.3 Neutrino Cosmology for Pedestrians 310    17.4 Dark Matter in the Universe 315    17.5 Dark Matter Detection 320    17.6 Neutrino Mass Generation and Dark Matter Candidates 323    17.7 Summary 339    17.8 Problems for Chapter 17 340    A Notation and Conventions 341    A.1 Special Relativity and Dirac Matrices 341    A.2 Two-Component Spinor Notation 342    A.3 Relating Two-Component and Four-Component Spinors 344    B Feynman Rules for Majorana Fermions 347    B.1 Feynman Rules 347    B.1.1 External Fermions 348    B.2 A Simple Example 352    C Feynman Rules for the Standard Model 355    C.1 Introduction 355    C.2 The Complete Standard Model Lagrangian 355    C.3 The Feynman Rules for QCD 358    C.4 The Feynman Rules for the Electroweak Theory 359    D Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model Couplings 373    D.1 Charged Current Couplings 373    D.2 Neutral Current Couplings 374    D.3 Scalar Couplings to Fermions 374    E The Prototype Flavour Group: A4 377    F Mass Matrices and Couplings in the BRpVModel 381    F.1 Mass Matrices 381    F.2 Couplings 386    G Feynman Diagrams for Dark Matter Annihilation 391    References 393    Acknowledgments for the Figures 419    Index 421