Neurosurgery Case Review: Questions and Answers

Neurosurgery Case Review: Questions and Answers......Page 1
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Foreword......Page 17
Preface......Page 18
Contributors......Page 19
Section I Intracranial Pathology: Tumors......Page 33
Case 1 Vestibular Schwannoma in Neurofibromatosis Type 2......Page 35
Case 2 Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytomas......Page 38
Case 3 Sturge–Weber Syndrome......Page 42
Case 4 Von Hippel–Lindau Disease—Hemangioblastoma......Page 45
Case 5 Parasagittal Meningioma......Page 49
Case 6 Tuberculum Sellae Meningioma......Page 53
Case 7 Olfactory Groove Meningioma......Page 58
Case 8 Sphenoid Wing Meningioma......Page 62
Case 9 Hemangiopericytoma......Page 66
Case 10 Anterior Clinoidal Meningioma......Page 69
Case 11 Velum Interpositum Meningioma......Page 73
Case 12 Pituitary Apoplexy......Page 77
Case 13 Secreting Pituitary Lesion......Page 81
Case 14 Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma......Page 85
Case 15 Craniopharyngioma: Endoscopic Approach......Page 90
Case 16 Glioma—Surgical Treatment......Page 94
Case 17 Glioma—Epigenetics......Page 99
Case 18 Eloquent Cortex Low-Grade Glioma......Page 104
Case 19 Brain Metastasis......Page 108
Case 20 Meningeal Carcinomatosis......Page 111
Case 21 Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma......Page 116
Case 22 Fibrous Dysplasia of the Skull......Page 120
Case 23 Orbital Tumor......Page 122
Case 24 Multiple Ring-Enhancing Cerebral Lesions......Page 125
Case 25 Paraganglioma......Page 130
Case 26 Colloid Cyst of the Third Ventricle......Page 135
Case 27 Central Neurocytoma......Page 138
Case 28 Clival Chordoma......Page 144
Case 29 Petrous Apex Tumor......Page 148
Case 30 Intracranial Chondrosarcoma......Page 152
Section II Intracranial Pathology: Vascular Neurosurgery......Page 157
Case 31 Dural Arteriovenous Fistula......Page 159
Case 32 Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation......Page 163
Case 33 Supratentorial Cavernous Angioma......Page 167
Case 34 Brainstem Vascular Lesions......Page 171
Case 35 Carotid Cavernous Sinus Fistulas......Page 175
Case 36 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Vasospasm......Page 178
Case 37 Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm......Page 183
Case 38 Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm with Intracerebral Hemorrhage......Page 186
Case 39 Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm......Page 191
Case 40 Blister Carotid Aneurysm......Page 194
Case 41 Basilar Tip Aneurysms......Page 198
Case 42 Vertebrobasilar Junction Aneurysms......Page 204
Case 43 Concomitant Arteriovenous Malformation and Aneurysm......Page 209
Case 44 Stent- and Balloon-Assisted Coiling......Page 213
Case 45 Balloon Test Occlusion and Giant Aneurysm......Page 216
Case 46 Ischemic Stroke Initial Management......Page 221
Case 47 Decompressive Craniectomy for Ischemic Stroke......Page 225
Case 48 Adult Moyamoya......Page 230
Case 49 Hypertensive Putaminal Hematoma......Page 235
Case 50 Cerebellar Hemorrhage......Page 238
Case 51 Amaurosis Fugax with Carotid Occlusion......Page 241
Case 52 Tandem Extracranial and Intracranial Carotid Stenosis......Page 245
Case 53 Vertebral Artery Stenosis with Ischemia......Page 249
Case 54 High-Grade Carotid Stenosis and Intracranial Aneurysm......Page 253
Section III Intracranial Pathology: Cranial Trauma......Page 257
Case 55 Chronic Subdural Hematoma......Page 259
Case 56 Epidural Hematoma......Page 264
Case 57 Traumatic Acute Subdural Hematoma......Page 266
Case 58 New Trends in Neurotrauma Monitoring......Page 268
Case 59 Intracranial Pressure Management......Page 271
Case 60 Gunshot Wound Injury to the Head......Page 276
Case 61 Other Penetrating Intracranial Trauma......Page 284
Section IV Intracranial Pathology: Pediatric Disorders......Page 287
Case 62 Aqueductal Stenosis......Page 289
Case 63 Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Infections......Page 291
Case 64 Slit Ventricle Syndrome......Page 293
Case 65 Mega-hydrocephalus......Page 296
Case 66 Cerebellar Medulloblastoma......Page 300
Case 67 Brainstem Glioma 1—Pons......Page 303
Case 68 Pineal Region Tumors......Page 308
Case 69 Posterior Fossa Ependymoma......Page 312
Case 70 Neurofibromatosis Type 1......Page 315
Case 71 Hypothalamic Hamartoma......Page 318
Case 72 Posterior Fossa Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma......Page 324
Case 73 Vein of Galen Malformation......Page 328
Case 74 Pediatric Head Trauma......Page 332
Case 75 Pediatric Intracranial Epidural Abscess......Page 336
Case 76 Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fistula......Page 340
Case 77 Cerebral Palsy and Selective Dorsal Rhizotomies......Page 342
Case 78 Neural Tube Defect......Page 346
Case 79 Idiopathic Syringomyelia in Children and Adolescents......Page 351
Case 80 Tethered Cord Syndrome......Page 356
Case 81 Positional Plagiocephaly......Page 360
Case 82 Scaphocephaly—Open Repair......Page 364
Case 83 Scaphocephaly—Endoscopic Repair......Page 368
Section V Intracranial Pathology: Functional Neurosurgery......Page 375
Case 84 Tic Douloureux......Page 377
Case 85 Hemifacial Spasm......Page 380
Case 86 Postherpetic Neuralgia......Page 385
Case 87 Complex Regional Pain Syndrome in Children......Page 388
Case 88 Spasticity after Cord Injury......Page 393
Case 89 Neuronavigation and Intraoperative Imaging......Page 395
Case 90 Deep Brain Stimulation: Parkinson’s Disease......Page 400
Case 91 Deep Brain Stimulation: Essential Tremor......Page 404
Case 92 Deep Brain Stimulation: Dystonia......Page 408
Case 93 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy......Page 412
Case 94 Hemispherectomy......Page 418
Case 95 Corpus Callosotomy for Drop Attacks......Page 422
Case 96 Vagal Nerve Stimulator......Page 425
Case 97 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension......Page 428
Case 98 Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus......Page 433
Section VI Spine......Page 437
Case 99 Occipital Condyle Fractures......Page 439
Case 100 Jefferson Fractures......Page 442
Case 101 Hangman’s Fracture......Page 446
Case 102 Atlantoaxial Instability......Page 451
Case 103 Type 2 Odontoid Fracture......Page 455
Case 104 Basilar Invagination......Page 460
Case 105 Central Cord Syndrome/Cord Contusion......Page 464
Case 106 Lower Cervical Fracture Dislocation......Page 468
Case 107 Thoracic Compression Fracture without Neurological Deficit......Page 473
Case 108 Thoracolumbar Fracture—Dislocation with Complete Spinal Cord Injury......Page 477
Case 109 Disc Disruption and Ligamentous Injury......Page 481
Case 110 Lumbar Burst Fracture......Page 485
Case 111 Lumbar Chance Fracture......Page 488
Case 112 Gunshot Injuries to the Spine......Page 492
Case 113 Spinal Cord Injury without Radiologic Abnormality (SCIWORA)......Page 495
Case 114 Acute Cervical Disc Herniation......Page 498
Case 115 Anterior versus Posterior Approaches to the Cervical Spine......Page 501
Case 116 Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament......Page 506
Case 117 Thoracic Disc Herniation......Page 511
Case 118 Thoracolumbar Scoliosis......Page 516
Case 119 Lower Back Pain—Conservative Management......Page 521
Case 120 Lumbar Disc Herniation......Page 526
Case 121 Black Disc with Advanced Modic Changes......Page 530
Case 122 Neurogenic versus Vascular Claudications......Page 533
Case 123 Cauda Equina Syndrome......Page 537
Case 124 Lumbar Spondylosis with Facet Hypertrophy......Page 540
Case 125 Degenerative Spondylolisthesis......Page 543
Case 126 Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction SIJ Fusion......Page 547
Case 127 Intradural Spinal Tumor......Page 553
Case 128 Intramedullary Spinal Tumor......Page 556
Case 129 Spinal Metastases......Page 560
Case 130 Lumbar Vertebral Mass......Page 564
Case 131 Cervical Spine Mass......Page 568
Case 132 Spinal Arteriovenous Malformation......Page 572
Case 133 Spinal Arteriovenous Fistula......Page 576
Case 134 Spinal Epidural Abscess......Page 579
Case 135 Vertebral Osteomyelitis and Discitis......Page 582
Case 136 Spinal Cord Inflammatory Disorder......Page 586
Case 137 Chiari I Malformation......Page 589
Section VII Peripheral Nerve Pathology......Page 593
Case 138 Median Nerve Entrapment at the Wrist......Page 595
Case 139 Ulnar Nerve Compression at the Elbow......Page 598
Case 140 Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome......Page 601
Case 141 Brachial Plexus Injury and Horner’s Syndrome......Page 604
Case 142 Median Nerve Laceration at the Wrist (Spaghetti Wrist)......Page 611
Case 143 Radial Nerve Injury......Page 614
Case 144 Axillary Mass......Page 618
Case 145 Medial Arm Mass......Page 621
Case 146 Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor......Page 625
Case 147 Foot Drop and Peroneal Nerve Injury......Page 632
Case 148 Gunshot Injury to the Sciatic Nerve......Page 637
Index......Page 641